Estimating the size of substance using street children in Delhi using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)

Dhawan, Anju; Mishra, Ashwani Kumar; Ambekar, Atul; Chatterjee, Biswadip; Agrawal, Alok; Bhargava, Rachna

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101890

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[ 10 ] It has been used successfully for estimating various hidden populations like IDUs, sex workers and substance use among street children. [ 14 15 16 ] In a society like Kashmir where substance use is highly stigmatised, estimation of substance using population especially opioid users is a challenging task, hence this benchmark-multiplier method was the most appropriate in this case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern and prevalence of substance use and dependence in two districts of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir

Rather

Bhat

Malla

et al. 2021

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Background: Kashmir has been at the centre of conflict between India and Pakistan after partition of erstwhile British India in 1947. While research suggests that conflict exposure may result in increased substance use, the prevalence of substance use disorders has remained an under-searched area in Kashmir. Method: We employed respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for recruiting substance users from two districts of Kashmir. Estimation of substance dependence was done using benchmarkmultiplier method. Results: Prevalence of any substance dependence was estimated to be 1.95% while as for any opioids, it was 1.80%. Heroin was the most common opioid with last year use by 84.33% respondents. Current prevalence of injection drug use was 0.95% and heroin was the most common opioid among Injection Drug User (IDU), being used by 91.12% IDUs followed by Pentazocine (5.92%). Conclusion: Our results indicate that RDS was a feasible and acceptable sampling method for recruiting 'difficult to reach 'participants like illicit substance users including IDUs. Our results further demonstrate that opioids are highly prevalent in Kashmir and heroin injection is not uncommon. All these findings call for attention from policy makers as opioids are one of the important contributors to mortality and morbidity related to substances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern and prevalence of substance use and dependence in two districts of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir

Rather

Bhat

Malla

et al. 2021

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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“…There is a dearth of literature on this vulnerable population (street children) with very few studies from the developing countries. One of our previous study [ 14 ] was the first study from India that estimated the size of substance using street children in a representative manner by utilizing the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) survey. Hence, we attempted to move further for better characterization of the diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stakeholders were the personnel working in the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) with the street children and they opined that during the implementation phase the seed plan should allow intake of street children in these age groups. Further details in this regard can be found from our previous publication [ 14 ]. By this age grouping we were able to have three levels with equal age spacing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diversity across age-wise in these areas under the classical and Bayesian paradigms has also been evaluated. The sample size, inclusion criteria,implementation of RDS, seed plan, process of recruitment, management of coupons and incentives, data collection and ethical considerations can be found from our previous publication [ 14 ]. In this investigation due to the non-availability of the estimated size of street children across all the nine districts of Delhi, the district level representative figure of substance using street children could not be provided.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity in substance use behaviour among street children of Delhi under Bayesian paradigm

Verma

Mishra

Dhawan

et al. 2020

BMC Med Res Methodol

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Background Shannon’s index is one of the measures of biodiversity, which is intended to quantify both richness and evenness of the species/individuals in the ecosystem or community. However, application of Shannon’s index in the field of substance use among the street children has not been done till date. Methods This paper is concerned with methods of estimating Shannon’s diversity index (SDI), which can be used to capture the variation in the population due to certain characteristics. Under the consideration that the probability of abundance, based on certain characteristics in the population, is a random phenomenon, we derive a Bayesian estimate in connection with Shannon’s information measure and their properties (mean and variance), by using a probability matching prior, through simulation and compared it with those of the classical estimates of Shannon. The theoretical framework has been applied to the primary survey data of substance use among the street children in Delhi, collected during 2015. The measure of diversity was estimated across different age profiles and districts. Results The results unrevealing the diversity estimate for street children corresponding to each region of Delhi, under both the classical and Bayesian paradigms. Although the estimates were close to one another, a striking difference was noted in the age profile of children. Conclusions The Bayesian methodology provided evidence for a greater likelihood of finding substance-using street children, belonging to the lower age group (7-10, maximum Bayesian entropy-3.73), followed by the middle (11-14) and upper age group (15-18). Moreover, the estimated variance under the Bayesian paradigm was lesser than that of the classical estimate. There is ample scope for further refinement in these estimates, by considering more covariates that may have a possible role in initiating substance use among street children in developing countries like India.

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“…National studies in Indonesia revealed that the prevalence of sexual This method was developed to cover the weaknesses of the snowball sampling method by applying calculations of probability and providing material incentives that are given as motivation to the subjects to participate so that respondents are more willing to be fully involved in the study (8). This incentive makes it easier to recruit potential respondents (24). Incentives were given to respondents twice: rst, when the respondents were identi ed as willing to join this research; second, when the respondents provided information about another individual in their network (seed sampling) who had the same characteristics as them, which in this case involved adolescents who had sexual intercourse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Intercourse among Early Adolescents in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia: Survey using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)

Perestroika¹,

Prabandari²,

Wilopo³

2021

Preprint

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Background Sexual intercourse is a risky behavior among many earlier adolescents (10–14 years), some of whom might ultimately experience unsafe abortion. However, the prevalence of sexual intercourse among earlier adolescents in Indonesia is not known. Methods A cross-sectional behavioral survey was conducted from July to October 2019 among early adolescents who are prone to sexual intercourse (EAWAPTSI) in Semarang, Indonesia. A total of 180 EAWAPTSI aged 10–14 years old (115 boys and 65 girls) were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in urban areas. A survey with the Open Data Kit (ODK) application was administered to the study participants. Results A total of 180 EAWAPTSI were enrolled, including original seeds. The majority of respondents were male and 14 years old. The RDS-adjusted sexual intercourse prevalence was 38.4% (95% CI: 27.8–49.1). The prevalence was higher among adolescents who were of older age, boys, enrolled in school, and under the care of their mother, had low parental education, discussed sexuality with their parents less frequently and agreed with this behavior at their age. Conclusions The conclusion of this study is that early adolescents have already been exposed to sexual activity. This finding suggests that education on healthy sexual behavior should be started before the age of early adolescence (10–14 years). Education should be comprehensive and address individual risk behaviors, not only to delay sexual debut but also to emphasize the importance of preventing sexually transmitted infections and adolescent pregnancy. In addition, parental involvement is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to increase communication about sexuality between children and parents.

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Estimating the size of substance using street children in Delhi using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Pattern and prevalence of substance use and dependence in two districts of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir

Pattern and prevalence of substance use and dependence in two districts of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir

Diversity in substance use behaviour among street children of Delhi under Bayesian paradigm

Sexual Intercourse among Early Adolescents in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia: Survey using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)

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