Estimating the Time Costs of Highway Congestion

In classical tra¢ c ‡ow theory, there are two velocities associated with a given level of tra¢ c ‡ow. Following Vickrey, economists have termed travel at the higher speed congested travel and at the lower speed hypercongested travel.Since the publication of Walters' classic paper (1961, Econometrica 29, 676-699), there has been an on-going debate concerning whether a steady-state hypercongested equilibrium can be stable. For a particular structural model of downtown tra¢ c ‡ow and parking, this paper demonstrates that a steadystate hypercongested equilibrium can be stable. Some other sensible models of tra¢ c congestion conclude that steady-state hypercongested travel cannot be stable, and that queues develop to ration the demand in steady states. Thus, we interpret our result to imply that, when steady-state demand is so high that it cannot be rationed through congested travel, the trip price increase

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“…Denoting the value of time with and the on-street parking fee with , the mean full trip price can be written as follows 10 :…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unsaturated equilibria correspond to régime 2 whose equation system is given in (10). The stock of cars cruising for parking is zero so that a driver …nds a parking space immediately upon reaching his destination.…”

Section: Régime 2: Unsaturated Steady-state Equilibriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The stability of downtown parking and traffic congestion

Arnott

İnci

2010

Journal of Urban Economics

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“…14 According to a strand of literature (Walters, 1968;Dewees, 1979;Harrison et al, 1986;Newbery, 1988Newbery, , 1996Newbery, and 2005HMSO, 1993;Newbery and Santos, 1999), some part of road taxes (i.e. car purchase taxes, annual transport dues and fuel taxes) should be viewed as road user charges rather than pure taxes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Inequity and Vertical Redistribution with Indirect Taxes: The Greek Case*

Καπλάνογλου¹,

Newbery²

2008

Fiscal Studies

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Non‐uniform indirect taxes treat equals and those unequal differently (horizontal inequity and vertical redistribution). Horizontal inequity is caused by taste differences among similar households, but some excises are designed to reflect social, not revealed, preferences. We apply two methodologies for decomposing the overall redistributive effect of the present and three alternative indirect tax structures into vertical and horizontal effects for Greece, using the 1998–99 Household Expenditure Survey micro‐database. In all cases, the taste component is considerable, even when we allow for social preferences, while improvements in vertical redistribution can be achieved, albeit at the cost of increased horizontal inequity.

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“…In the field of economics, academic interest in estimating congestion originates in the seminal works by Walters (1961), Johnson (1964) and Dewees (1979). Interest in these papers is centered mainly on computing and estimating the optimal level of taxes and tolling for the purpose of reconciling private and social marginal costs of highway travel in a bid to relieve traffic congestion.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating lock congestion

Reynaerts

2014

IJSTL

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We consistently estimate the parameters of 600 and 1200 ft lock congestion functions by exploiting the geographical variation in demand patterns for individual locks along the Upper Mississippi River system of locks and dams. In addition to avoiding endogeneity bias, we control for lock-specific heterogeneity in estimating a fixedeffects regression model that relates lock congestion to lock usage and lock characteristics. Using a panel data set spanning the years 1993-2010, we find significant empirical evidence of the existence of a quadratic lock congestion function for 600 ft technology in the sense of BPR (1964). While 1200 ft technology on the other hand seemly operates under free-flow conditions, the presence of an auxiliary chamber significantly mitigates congestion, with the effect being more pronounced for higher levels of traffic. Unscheduled lock outages and non-commercial traffic attenuate lock congestion.

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Estimating the Time Costs of Highway Congestion

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

The stability of downtown parking and traffic congestion

The stability of downtown parking and traffic congestion

Horizontal Inequity and Vertical Redistribution with Indirect Taxes: The Greek Case*

Estimating lock congestion

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