Estimating the total oxidant demand for <i>in situ</i> chemical oxidation design

Haselow, J.S.; Siegrist, Robert L.; Crimi, Michelle; Jarosch, T.R.

doi:10.1002/rem.10080

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A critical success factor for chemical oxidation-remediation is the application of accurate amount of oxidant. It is vital not only for the most effective remediation at the lowest cost, but also for avoiding potential environmental risks associated with inappropriate use of oxidants [1,2,[5][6][7]. The rebound of contaminant concentrations after chemical oxidation-remediation has been reported in numerous research and engineering projects [5,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of potassium permanganate demand variation with depth for oxidation–remediation of soils from a PAHs-contaminated coking plant

Liao

Zhao

Yan

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of potassium permanganate demand variation with depth for oxidation–remediation of soils from a PAHs-contaminated coking plant

Liao

Zhao

Yan

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Some of the initial research on this topic attempted to treat the persistence of persulfate in a similar manner as permanganate; these studies assumed a finite persulfate demand for a given porous media and an upper limit on the amount of persulfate that will be consumed by porous media reductants (Hoag et al, 2000;Haselow et al, 2003;Dahmani et al, 2006). Using this approach for design purposes suggests that enough oxidant must be delivered to satisfy this "demand" before effective contaminant degradation can occur.…”

Section: Persulfate Decomposition Kinetics In Porous Media (Oxidant Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some have postulated that NOM acts as a finite sink for the persulfate oxidant, much like permanganate NOD, and that NOM will be highly depleted by the oxidation reaction (Hoag et al, 2000;Droste et al, 2002;Haselow et al, 2003). This hypothesis is supported by the fact that persulfate has long been used as a wet oxidation method for determining TOC in water samples, whereby persulfate is used to mineralize the TOC to carbon dioxide, which is then quantified (Aiken, 1992;Peyton, 1993;Koprivnjak et al, 1995).…”

Section: Porous Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of ISCO Using Persulfate

Petri

Watts

Tsitonaki³

et al. 2010

SERDP/ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology

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ScopeChemistry and use of persulfate for in situ chemical oxidation of subsurface contaminants, including free radical and other reaction mechanisms, catalysts, subsurface transport, and contaminant treatability. Key ConceptsPersulfate reaction chemistry is complex. Persulfate can react through direct electron transfer or free radical reactions. Electron transfer reactions are relatively slow and selective. Upon activation, the free radicals generated have nonspecific reactivity that allows for the degradation of a wide range of organic contaminants. The radicals that are presently understood to play a major role in reactions are the sulfate radical and the hydroxyl radical. However, there is emerging evidence that the superoxide anion and the perhydroxyl radical also may be important. Persulfate activation may be achieved by heat, chelated or non-chelated transition metals (especially iron), hydrogen peroxide, and alkaline pH conditions. The efficiency, effectiveness, and reaction products may vary between contaminants, activation methods, and the porous media to be treated. Carbonate, bicarbonate, or chloride ions can act as free radical scavengers and reduce reaction efficiency and effectiveness. The kinetics of reaction between persulfate and target compounds is complex. To simplify, pseudo first-order kinetics are often assumed. However, these usually require laboratory estimation because extrapolating between systems is difficult. The interaction of aquifer solids and persulfate is not well understood; persulfate does react with aquifer solids resulting in oxidant consumption, but the rate and magnitude of this process are not well characterized. Persistence varies from days to months, depending on conditions. The impact of persulfate on metal mobility is not well understood. Conceivably, persulfate could impact metal concentrations in groundwater through modification of pH, oxidation of metals, injection of activation amendments, and other mechanisms.

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“…In the context of ISCO, persulfate oxidant demand by aquifer materials has been considered in only a few published studies (e.g, Brown et al, 2004;Costanza et al, 2010;Dahmani et al, 2006;Haselow et al, 2003) but detailed studies on permanganate oxidant demand (Jones et al, 2006;Mumford Thomson, 2002;Mumford et al, 2005;Urynowicz et al, 2008) have shown that the kinetics of this process are complex, making the results highly dependent on test conditions such as oxidant concentration, exposure time, mixing regime, etc. This uncertainty regarding the characterization of natural oxidant demand (NOD) for persulfate is a major obstacle in the design of field-scale applications of activated persulfate for ISCO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Thermal Remediation of DNAPL Source Zones

Johnson¹,

Tratnyek²,

Sleep³

et al. 2011

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Estimating the total oxidant demand for in situ chemical oxidation design

Abstract: Analytical techniques for designing of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO)

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

Determination of potassium permanganate demand variation with depth for oxidation–remediation of soils from a PAHs-contaminated coking plant

Determination of potassium permanganate demand variation with depth for oxidation–remediation of soils from a PAHs-contaminated coking plant

Fundamentals of ISCO Using Persulfate

In Situ Thermal Remediation of DNAPL Source Zones

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