Estimating the use of veterinary medicines in the European union

Kools, S.A.E.; Moltmann, Johann F.; Knacker, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.06.003

Cited by 137 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Globally, the usage of fluoroquinolones has been under strict regulation particularly in foodproducing animals because of the potential public health risk (Hernandez et al, 2011;Kools et al, 2008). In Australia, the fluoroquinolone antimicrobials have never been registered for use in foodproducing animals (Cheng et al, 2012).…”

Section: Quinolonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower levels of ciprofloxacin resistance have been detected in Iran (7.55%) and Slovakia (29%) in APEC isolates (Kmeť and KmeŤová, 2010;Talebiyan et al, 2014). The variation in resistance reflects the difference in the antimicrobial usage policy of this drug in food-producing animals among the different countries (Kools et al, 2008). China and Brazil use fluoroquinolones for the treatment and prevention of infections in chickens (Gouvêa et al, 2015;Yassin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Quinolonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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Section: Quinolonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quinolonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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show abstract

“…In the USA, no monitoring of the antibiotic consumption is in place, so reliable data are scarce, and in most cases, they are estimated [3,4]. In Europe, a cumulative usage of 2855.2 tons of antibiotics considering 7 European countries in 2004 is reported [5]. In Germany, 162 tons of sulfonamides have been sold to veterinarians in the year 2012, which makes them the third most sold group of antibiotics after tetracyclines and penicillin [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective bioremediation approach for enhanced microbial degradation of the veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine in an agricultural soil

Hirth

Topp

Dörfler

et al. 2016

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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Background:The veterinary antibiotic Sulfamethazine (SMZ) contaminates soils via manure applications. Like other soil contaminants (herbicides, fungicides, and nematicides), it has to be degraded. The main challenge is that SMZ biodegradation with bacteria is impeded, since SMZ is a bacteriostatic antibiotic, designed to block microbes in their growth. Results:In this study, we enriched the indigenous soil microbial community (including the single strain Microbacterium sp. C448, adapted to SMZ degradation) from a Canadian soil and we present a suitable approach, for soil remediation by inoculating a German soil with this microbial community established on carrier particles, at environmentally relevant concentrations of 1 mg kg. When compared with the isolated SMZ-degrading strain (also obtained from Canada), the microbial community outperformed the mineralization rates of the isolated strain in soil. The negligible soil native SMZ mineralization was successfully increased to 44 and 57 % within 46 days, by the microbial community. The sustainability of this increased SMZ mineralization capacity was proven by the rapid mineralization of a second application of 14 C-SMZ 112 days after the first. Conclusions:The pronounced SMZ mineralization and the high amount of non-extractable 14 C-residues (NER) in the inoculated soil indicate that the NER are mainly of biogenic origin (metabolically fixed 14 C). Therefore, the applied inoculation approach decreased the risk of persistent non-extractable SMZ residues. Together with our former studies, this specific soil inoculation approach was tested for three substances with different physico-chemical properties, indicating that this soil bioremediation technique might also be used for other substances.

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“…3,8 Kools et al 9 estimaram o consumo de aproximadamente 5 mil toneladas de AV em países europeus no ano de 2004. Em 2009, a venda de antimicrobianos na Europa movimentou mais de 1 bilhão de dólares.…”

Section: Consumo E Introdução De Antimicrobianos Veterinários No Meiounclassified

Ocorrência, comportamento e impactos ambientais provocados pela presença de antimicrobianos veterinários em solos

Pereira¹,

Jardim²,

Fostier³

et al. 2012

Quím. Nova

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Estimating the use of veterinary medicines in the European union

Cited by 137 publications

References 14 publications

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

An effective bioremediation approach for enhanced microbial degradation of the veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine in an agricultural soil

Ocorrência, comportamento e impactos ambientais provocados pela presença de antimicrobianos veterinários em solos

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