Estimating Transportation-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Port of Busan, S. Korea

Shin, Kangwon; Cheong, Jang-Pyo

doi:10.5572/ajae.2011.5.1.041

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Cheong et al [61] reported that emissions from ship movements in the Port of Busan (POB) accounted for 32% of all GHG transportation emissions in Busan. Shin and Cheong [62] calculated the GHG emission inventory using a fuel-based approach and data from POB. Chang et al [50] applied the bottom-up approach using data related to fuel consumption and activity time to estimate emissions based on the characteristics and activities of individual ships in the Port of Incheon (POI).…”

Section: Research Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory from Ships in the Port of Incheon

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, maritime air pollution is regarded as a severe threat to coastal communities’ health. Therefore, many policies to reduce air pollution have been established worldwide. Moreover, there has been a shift in policy and research attention from greenhouse gases, especially CO2, to other air pollutants. To address the current local environmental challenges, this research analyzes the non-greenhouse gas emissions inventory (CO, NOx, SOx, PM, VOC, and NH3) from ships in the second biggest port in Korea, the Port of Incheon (POI). A bottom-up activity-based methodology with real-time vessel activity data produced by the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is applied to obtain reliable estimations. NOx and SOx dominated the amount of emission emitted from ships. Tankers, general cargo ships, cruise ships, and container ships were identified as the highest sources of pollution. Based on the above results, this study discusses the need for long-term policies, such as the designation of a local emission control area (ECA) and the establishment of an emission management platform to reduce ship-source emissions. Furthermore, this study elucidates that significant emissions come from the docking process, ranging from 33.9% to 42.0% depending on the type of pollutant when only the auxiliary engines were being operated. Therefore, short-term solutions like applying exhausted gas cleaning systems, using on-shore power supplies, reducing docking time, or using greener alternative fuels (e.g., liquefied natural gas or biofuels) should be applied and motivated at the POI. These timely results could be useful for air quality management decision-making processes for local port operators and public agencies.

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Section: Research Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory from Ships in the Port of Incheon

et al. 2020

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“…where FC represents fuel consumption; N represents annual total ship call; DF is average daily fuel consumption by ship type (ton/day); D represents average travel distance in port (km); FE represents average fuel economy by ship tonnage (km/kL); 0.79 is the average hotel time of a ship call per day; and 0.2 means the fuel consumption of hotelling at anchorage and berth will be assumed as 20% of the fuel consumption of full operation. At the regional level, Shin and Cheong [39] generated the GHGs ship emissions at Port of Busan (POB) with a topdown approach. Chang et al [44] firstly used the bottom-up approach to assess the GHGs emissions from ship operations at the Port of Incheon (POI) from January to October 2012 based on the FC method.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-Up Approach Ship Emission Inventory in Port of Incheon Based on VTS Data

Lee

Pham

Chen

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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As a result of the rapid growth of international trade, atmospheric pollution from transportation has been more topical than ever, especially in dense hub port-cities. The shipping industry should pay more attention corresponding to its contribution to local atmospheric pollution. This paper supports the application of data collected from the vessel tracking service system with a bottom-up approach to generate a comprehensive 2019 local ship emission inventory at Port of Incheon. The calculated emission inventory presented the dominance of CO2 emission and the considerable contribution of NOx and SOx emissions, the significant contribution of auxiliary engines during the hotelling at berth during the year of 2019. Then, based on calculated emission inventory, this study suggested and simulated applicable green policies in the practice: (1) local emission control area realization, (2) vessel speed reduction program, (3) application of cold ironing, and (4) establishment of a national integrated emission platform. The combination of the three first policies could help reduce the significant volume of emitted CO (29%), NOx (30%), SOx (93%), PM10 and PM2.5 (64%), VOC (28%), NH3 (30%), and CO2 (30%).

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“…They stated that their environmental costs are over $123 million per year. Shin and Cheong 29 calculated GHG emission inventories for the Busan port of South Korea based on activities of marine vessels, cargo handling equipment, heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV), and railroad. They calculated that 36% of the total GHG emissions were caused by CHE and heavy-duty trucks.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of land-based emissions during container terminal operations in the Ambarlı Port, Turkey

Kara

Okşaş

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M:

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Many types of mobile vehicles are used simultaneously in container terminal operations. Because most of these mobile vehicles have diesel engines, they emit a significant amount of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere during their operation. They are considered as land-based mobile emission sources (MobES) and should be included in the total port emission inventory. The emission inventory is a basic requirement in developing an environmental management strategy to improve emission control. In this context, this study aims to estimate the emission inventories of mobile vehicles used in terminal operations in the Ambarlı container ports located in the city of Istanbul, which is one of the most populous cities in the world. In this respect, the amounts of the emissions of all the container handling equipment with diesel engines in the port areas, including external trucks delivering/receiving containers to/from the port were estimated using an activity-based method. It has been found that approximately 42.39% of the total CO2 emission is owing to terminal tractors and the total annual CO2 value per TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) of MobES is 0.01259 tons. The CO2 value per TEU can serve as a CO2 emission performance indicator for land-based MobES in process of the evaluation of emission inventories in container ports.

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Estimating Transportation-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Port of Busan, S. Korea

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

Estimation of the Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory from Ships in the Port of Incheon

Estimation of the Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory from Ships in the Port of Incheon

Bottom-Up Approach Ship Emission Inventory in Port of Incheon Based on VTS Data

Estimation of land-based emissions during container terminal operations in the Ambarlı Port, Turkey

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