Estimating volcanic CO2 emission rates from atmospheric measurements on the slope of Mauna Loa

Ryan, Steven

doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(00)00392-2

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The shaded region for Yellowstone magmatic emissions was based on the range in the estimated total (Table 2) minus the average contribution from sedimentary sources (40%) determined from isotopes (see text). The emission rates for the other volcanic systems are from the following references: (a) Brantley and Koepenick [1995], (b) Allard et al [1991], Gerlach [1991], (c) Goff et al [2001], (d) Ryan [2001], Gerlach et al [2002], (e) Brantley and Koepenick [1995], (f) Wardell et al [2001], (g) Chiodini et al [2001], (h) Seward and Kerrick [1996b], (i) modified from Werner et al [2000a], and (j) Gerlach et al [2001].…”

Section: Results Of Magma Emplacement Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ emissions from the Yellowstone volcanic system

Werner

Brantley

2003

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

143

168

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[1] Two methods are used to estimate CO 2 degassing from the Yellowstone magmatic-hydrothermal system. The amount of magmatic CO 2 released as basaltic magma emplaces from the mantle into the crust beneath the Yellowstone caldera is calculated and compared to CO 2 fluxes measured in three different types of hydrothermal regions within Yellowstone. Comparison of modeled estimates with surface measurements suggests that 3.7 ± 1.3 Â 10 11 mol y À1 (45 ± 16 kt d À1) of CO 2 are released from Yellowstone due to diffuse degassing. Flux measurements suggest that the diffuse flux in acid-sulfate regions is significant in total calculations (>96% of the total), whereas the diffuse flux in neutral-chloride and travertine-precipitating areas is not significant. Analyses of carbon and helium isotopes suggest that $50% of the CO 2 emitted is derived from sedimentary sources at locations outside the caldera, whereas locations inside the caldera likely have sedimentary contributions <30%. In addition to release of CO 2 with emplacement, magma crystallization in the subsurface is thought to contribute significantly to the CO 2 emissions at the surface. The contribution of CO 2 from Yellowstone to global volcanic CO 2 emissions ($6-7 Â 10 12 mol y À1 ) is comparable to the CO 2 contribution from other large volcanic systems like Popocatepetl, Mexico and the combined contribution from the Hawaii hot spot. Likewise, the amount of CO 2 emitted per land area from Yellowstone (on average 10 8 mol CO 2 km À2 y À1) is comparable to other large volcanic and hydrothermal systems worldwide.

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Section: Results Of Magma Emplacement Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ emissions from the Yellowstone volcanic system

Werner

Brantley

2003

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

143

168

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“…A 47 year record of carbon dioxide emissions from the 4100 m summit of Mauna Loa volcano has been obtained from continuous atmospheric measurements made at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) [ Ryan , 1995; Ryan , 2001]. MLO is a baseline atmospheric monitoring station located at an elevation of 3400 m on the north slope of the volcano, 6 km from the summit caldera.…”

Section: Emissions From Mauna Loa Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both were formed by the episodic eruption of magma from a persistent mantle plume [ Redmond and King , 2004], and have summit calderas that imply the (past or present) existence of an underground magma reservoir. Mauna Loa is a 4100 m tall Hawaiian shield volcano that last erupted in 1984 and is now quiescently degassing about 1000 t CO 2 yr −1 and less than 0.1 t SO 2 yr −1 [ Ryan , 2001] from active fumaroles in the summit caldera and upper rifts [ Casadevall and Hazlett , 1983]. The physical conditions proposed for magmatic and high‐temperature hydrothermal production of abiogenic CH 4 on Mars [ Lyons et al , 2005] are likely present in Hawaiian volcanism [ Fournier , 1987].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mauna Loa volcano is not a methane source: Implications for Mars

Ryan¹,

Tans²,

Trudeau³

2006

Geophysical Research Letters

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Thirteen years of continuous atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii are used to determine the methane emission rate from the summit of Mauna Loa volcano. We find no measurable methane emissions coming from the summit area, with a 95% confidence upper limit of 9 t CH4 yr−1. Recent studies have detected 10 ppb CH4 in the Martian atmosphere, requiring emissions of about 300 t CH4 yr−1. Volcanic activity has been suggested as a source of abiogenic CH4 on Mars, either by magmatic degassing or reactions in hydrothermal fluids heated by a magma intrusion. The most recent lava flows on Mars (2 My ago) are on the Tharsis shield volcanoes, which may still be active. If Mauna Loa is a valid terrestrial analog, our findings suggest that volcanic activity is not a significant source of methane to the Martian atmosphere.

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“…(above sea level)), Big Island, Hawaii. It has been argued (Ryan, 2001) that this is an excellent location to make atmospheric measurements because of the isolation from localized anthropogenic and continental sources and sinks. The well-mixed atmosphere at this isolated highelevation observatory has very small variations in CO 2 conCorrespondence to: B. D. Malamud (bruce.malamud@kcl.ac.uk) centrations, and the observations have been widely taken as representative of global average values (IPCC, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%