Estimating windspeeds for predicting wildland fire behavior /

Albini, F. A.; Baughman, Robert G.; Forest, Intermountain; Station, Range Experiment

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.68710

Cited by 77 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This value is then converted to an expected mid-flame wind speed by multiplying it by a correction factor based on the canopy closure in the stand ( fig. 2.15) (Albini and Baughman 1979).…”

Section: Burn Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator

Reinhardt¹,

Crookston²

2003

228

212

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The Fire and Fuels Extension (FFE) to the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) simulates fuel dynamics and potential fire behaviour over time, in the context of stand development and management. Existing models of fire behavior and fire effects were added to FVS to form this extension. New submodels representing snag and fuel dynamics were created to complete the linkages.This report contains four chapters. Chapter 1 states the purpose and chronicles some applications of the model. Chapter 2 details the model's content, documents links to the supporting science, and provides annotated examples of the outputs. Chapter 3 is a user's guide that presents options and examples of command usage. Chapter 4 describes how the model was customized for use in different regions.Fuel managers and silviculturists charged with managing fire-prone forests can use the FFE-FVS and this document to better understand and display the consequences of alternative management actions. Keywords The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or serviceYou may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. Please specify the publication title and number. Collectively, the authors of the papers published in this volume thank the following people. Albert R. Stage encouraged the project team members throughout the project, attended workshops, and reviewed manuscripts. Jim Brown and Stage co-led this work at the beginning, found resources, and mentored our work. To a large degree the lifetime of work from Brown and Stage is merged in this project. The team received extremely helpful reviews on the Model Description from Jane Kappler-Smith, Paul Langowski, and Al Stage. David Atkins, Jamie Barbour, and Paul Stancheff reviewed the Preface. The User's Guide was reviewed by Renee Lundberg and Glenn Christensen, and the FFE Variants chapter was reviewed by Stephanie Rebain, Elizabeth Reinhardt and Nick Crookston. Casey Teske evaluated the model behavior. Stephanie Rebain found and fixed many problems, and greatly improved the model's performance.The following people participated in one or more workshops, held to specify the components of the FFE, to calibrate it for specific regions, or both. The free flow of information and ideas at these workshops was key to the success and adaptation of this model. Introduction ___________________________________________________Fire is now represented in the Forest Vegetation Simulator's (FVS) predictions of forest stand dynamics. At long last! Al Stage (1973) recognized the importance of including disturbance agents in stand projections when he included mountain pine beetle-caused mortality of lodgepole pine in the first release of the FVS parent model, the Prognosis Model for Stand Development.Furthermore, long-term stand dynamics are now included in simulations of fires and fire effects. Fuel managers have a tool, th...

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“…This value is then converted to an expected mid-flame wind speed by multiplying it by a correction factor based on the canopy closure in the stand ( fig. 2.15) (Albini and Baughman 1979).…”

Section: Burn Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator

Reinhardt¹,

Crookston²

2003

228

212

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“…While the work of Albini and Baughman (1979) is appropriately listed as a reference for most applications of WAF, there are differences in implementation that are described in this report.…”

Section: Wind Adjustment Factor (Waf) Models ________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, flat terrain and uniform continuous vegetation cover were assumed. Albini and Baughman (1979) presented mathematical models for wind characteristics above a vegetative cover that is a single-stratum fuel (grass, brush, etc.) and for wind under a forest canopy.…”

Section: Wind Adjustment Factor (Waf) Models ________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of terrain on 20-ft wind speed is a separate topic. Albini and Baughman (1979) developed the modeling foundation for WAFs for wildland fire. In their introduction, they noted the problem with the definition of midflame height: "The poorly defined 'midflame' windspeed can be approximated by using a spatially averaged value of the windspeed over an appropriate height range."…”

Section: Wind Adjustment Factor (Waf) Models ________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling wind adjustment factor and midflame wind speed for Rothermel's surface fire spread model

Andrews¹

2012

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Rothermel's surface fire spread model was developed to use a value for the wind speed that affects surface fire, called midflame wind speed. Models have been developed to adjust 20-ft wind speed to midflame wind speed for sheltered and unsheltered surface fuel. In this report, Wind Adjustment Factor (WAF) model equations are given, and the BehavePlus fire modeling system is used to demonstrate WAF calculation and effect on modeled fire behavior. There are differences in implementation of the same basic wind adjustment models in various fire behavior applications, including the Fireline Handbook and FARSITE. Differences are due to assumptions such as tree shape and rules for transition from sheltered to unsheltered conditions. Specifics are given for differences among WAF tables and calculation applications. This technical documentation is useful to analysts, system developers, fire weather meteorologists, and those who are interested in model background and foundation.

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“…Canopy cover is used to determine the shading of surface level fuels. These values also affect the fuel moisture calculations and are used to reduce wind speed values (Albini & Baughman, 1979). Crown height affects wind reduction in a similar manner and also determines starting point and trajectory of embers lofted by torching trees (Albini, 1979).…”

Section: Previous Farsite Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildfire Assessment Using FARSITE Fire Modeling: A Case Study in the Chihuahua Desert of Mexico

Brakeall¹

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Estimating windspeeds for predicting wildland fire behavior /

Cited by 77 publications

References 2 publications

The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator

The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator

Modeling wind adjustment factor and midflame wind speed for Rothermel's surface fire spread model

Wildfire Assessment Using FARSITE Fire Modeling: A Case Study in the Chihuahua Desert of Mexico

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