Estimation of 24-Hour Energy Expenditure from Shorter Measurement Periods in Premature Infants

Bell, Edward F.; Rios, Gladys R.; Wilmoth, Patricia K.

doi:10.1203/00006450-198607000-00013

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The coefficient of variation (mean + SEM) during each 2-h measurement of gaseous metabolism within the same infant was 10 + 1.2% and 12 + 1.9% for VOz and VC02, respectively. This spontaneous variability of respiratory gas exchange within individual measurements may be attributed to the expected relationship between VOz, VC02, and state of activity (quiet sleep, active sleep, and quiet wakefulness) over the measurement period and was within the range of previous findings (21)(22)(23)(24). Table 2 summarizes the results from the longitudinal measurements of V02, VC02, and TUN excretion for each infant.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Day-to-Day Energy Expenditure Variability in Low Birth Weight Neonates

1987

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ABSTRACT. We estimated the metabolic rate of 13 low birth weight infants over a 9-day period, using indirect calorimetry in conjunction with serial measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and total urinary nitrogen excretion. The mean percent error for oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production measurements (determined by alcohol combustion experiments) assignable to the open-circuit system was 0.4 and 3.8%, respectively. Error in the total urinary nitrogen excretion measurement was 4 % by the Kjeldahl technique. In the clinical setting, however, the range of deviation of measured oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and total urinary nitrogen excretion was f 12, 12, and 15% of the mean value respectively for an individual patient under standardized controlled conditions. The variability of metabolic rate between infants may be as much as 76%. Factors that had a small effect on metabolic rate were difficult to detect because of the variability inherent in the short-term measurement of metabolic rate. It was virtually impossible to control the sources of variation in the resting metabolism of low birth weight neonates over extended experimental periods. Day-to-day variations in resting energy expenditure may explain, in part, the widely different growth rates of premature infants receiving similar caloric intakes. (Pediatr Res 21: 66-71, 1987) Abbreviations MR, metabolic rate VOz, oxygen consumption VC02, carbon dioxide production TUN, total urinary nitrogen excretion NPRQ, nonprotein respiratory quotient EOG, electrooculogram There has been an increased interest in the sources of variation in energy expenditure that occur among very low birth weight infants in the modern clinical setting (1-6). Recently, Schulze et a/. (7-9) made an assessment of minute ventilation, heart rate, and gaseous metabolism in relation to the state of activity and feeding cycle of growing low birthweight infants. They showed that the infants were prone to significant (4.7 to 24.6%) swings in energy expenditure even under (apparently) strict basal con- ditions, and concluded that steady state conditions do not occur in growing low birth weight infants.Abdu1razzaq and Brooke (10) measured respiratory metabolism of premature infants and discussed body weight, activity, and energy intake in relation to 24-h measurements of energy expenditure. These authors found that V02 measured over a 3-h period might lie anywhere between 13.8% above to 12.6% below the value obtained from the 24-h mean VOz. In contrast, Rutter et al. Interest in the mechanisms responsible for these conflicting results led us to make longitudinal replicate measurements of VOz, VCO?, and total urinary nitrogen to determine with indirect calorimetry the average day-to-day variability of metabolic rate within and between low birth weight infants under controlled conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODSThe 13 very low birth weight infants were without major medical problems, were tolerating feeds and gaining weight. Informed parental consent w...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Day-to-Day Energy Expenditure Variability in Low Birth Weight Neonates

1987

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“…Most reports have studied energy expenditure in later postinjury stages, usually critically ill children with a length of stay in the PICU Ͼ1 day (4,5,15,44). Aiming to improve the accuracy of the MEE, we performed continuous on-line indirect calorimetry for 24 hrs because there are no established standards that define the period during which the test must be performed (45,46). Shorter indirect calorimetry studies could be suitable for clinical caring (47), although not for validation studies because energy expenditure can change during the day (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted versus measured energy expenditure by continuous, online indirect calorimetry in ventilated, critically ill children during the early postinjury period*

Martínez¹,

Martínez-Romillo²,

Sebastián³

et al. 2004

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

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“…Both day 7/day 6 ratios of HP and RQ averaged 1.02, indicating that the energy metabolism was essentially constant. In the human neonate, the 24-h VO 2 was adequately predicted from 6-h measurements (Bell et al 1986), whereas, according to Gudinchet et al (1986), a measurement as brief as 1.5 h was sufficient. In infants aged 20 d and tube-fed every 3 h, no circadian variation in HP was observed throughout 24 h (Bell et al 1986).…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Energy and nitrogen utilisation of sow colostrum and milk by the piglet

Dividich¹,

Marion²,

Thomas³

2007

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Twenty-four newborn piglets were used to evaluate the digestibility of sow colostrum and milk and the efficiency of milk utilisation by the piglet. Within a litter, four piglets were allotted to one of the four treatments: killed at birth, or bottle-fed sow colostrum for 30 h and sow milk thereafter at the rate of 100, 200, or 300 g kg-1 d-1. Piglets were killed on day 8. Faeces and urine were daily collected and heat production (HP) was determined by indirect calorimetry on days 6 and 7, each day during three successive periods of 105–110 min. Energy retention (ER) was calculated as the difference between metabolisable energy intake (ME) and HP. ER was also determined over the 8-d period using the comparative slaughter (CS). There was no effect of level of feeding on energy and nitrogen digestibility. Milk energy digestibility and metabolisability (ME/GE × 100) and nitrogen digestibility were 98.2 ± 1.2 (SEM), 96.8 ± 1.4 and 98.3 ± 1.3%, respectively. Corresponding values for colostrum were lower (P < 0.01), averaging 95.2 ± 2.8, 92.6 ± 3.1 and 95.3 ± 2.9%, respectively. Efficiency of using milk ME for ER determined by indirect calorimetry or CS was similar and averaged 0.72 ± 0.02. The energy cost of 1 kJ of protein deposition was 1.77 (± 0.04) kJ (efficiency, 0.56), whereas the energy cost of 1 kJ of fat deposition was not different to 1 kJ. Key words: Piglet, colostrum, milk, energy, nitrogen

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Estimation of 24-Hour Energy Expenditure from Shorter Measurement Periods in Premature Infants

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Day-to-Day Energy Expenditure Variability in Low Birth Weight Neonates

Day-to-Day Energy Expenditure Variability in Low Birth Weight Neonates

Predicted versus measured energy expenditure by continuous, online indirect calorimetry in ventilated, critically ill children during the early postinjury period*

Energy and nitrogen utilisation of sow colostrum and milk by the piglet

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