Estimation of Adult Sex Ratio and Size-Related Sexual Dimorphism Based on Molecular Sex Determination in the Vulnerable La Selle Thrush, Turdus swalesi

Abstract

Sex-determination is of particular importance in avian ecology and conservation. However, many bird species show no conspicuous sexual dimorphism, such as the La Selle Thrush, Turdus swalesi, a vulnerable species endemic to Hispaniola. We captured individuals in southeastern Haiti, in 2019–2022. For each one, we collected contour feathers or blood samples for molecular sex identification based on the CHD-1 gene. In addition, we took body measurements of several captured individuals and recorded their weight. Out of a total of 65 birds, 45 were identified as males and 20 as females, indicative of a significantly male-biased sex ratio. However, analyses of first captures showed that the sex ratio at our study site was male-biased only outside of the breeding season, suggesting that females may disperse at that time while males remain on their territories. Sexual dimorphism was limited to wing chord length and tail length, with males being larger than females. Tail length was the best predictor of sex in a logistic regression model and correctly classified about 80% of individuals as male or female. We discuss our results in relation to previous studies of sex ratio and sexual dimorphism in turdid species and address their relevance for the conservation of avian species in one of the major protected forest areas in Haiti.

Fast and Simple Molecular Test for Sex Determination of the Monomorphic Eudromia elegans Individuals

“…This difficulty is not just an inconvenience for researchers; it has significant implications for various aspects of avian biology, including understanding mating systems, population genetics, and conservation strategies. Accurate sex determination within a population allows researchers to investigate patterns of sex ratio, reproductive success, and gene flow, which are crucial for an effective understanding of evolutionary dynamics, conservation management, and added advantages in forensic cases [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”