“…With its ease to use and fast measurement, proximal soil sensing (PSS) has become increasingly popular to characterize soil properties (Franceschini et al, 2018;Knox et al, 2015;Mouazen et al, 2007;Munnaf et al, 2021;Nawar et al, 2020;Nocita et al, 2015;O'Rourke et al, 2016;Reeves, 2010;Stenberg et al, 2010;Viscarra Rossel et al, 2016Vohland et al, 2016a;Xu et al, 2019b). The most commonly used PSS techniques include X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, visible-to-near-infrared (VIS-NIR), and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy (Afriyie et al, 2020;Allo et al, 2020;Bellon-Maurel and McBratney, 2011;Chen et al, 2020b;Coblinski et al, 2020;Hutengs et al, 2019;Johnson et al, 2019;Knox et al, 2015;Munnaf et al, 2021;O'Rourke et al, 2016;Reeves, 2010;Soriano-Disla et al, 2014;Terra et al, 2019;Viscarra Rossel et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2019aXu et al, , 2019bXu et al, , 2019c. With the help of spectral preprocessing and multivariate modeling, various soil properties, such as SOC, have been estimated successfully using individual sensors.…”