Estimation of annual height velocity based on short‐ versus long‐term measurements

Neyzi, Olcay; Bundak, Rüveyde; Molzan, Janet; Günöz, Hülya; Darendelıler, Feyza; Saka, Nurçin

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12651.x

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Such conditions are most likely to be met within a specialist paediatric growth centre, but are unlikely to be found elsewhere. There is some controversy as to whether growth is a saltatory or a linear process through time (Hermanussen et al, 1988;Butler et al, 1990;Lampl et al, 1992) but it is generally accepted that HV response to treatment cannot be reliably assessed at intervals of less than a year (Rudolf et al, 1991;Neyzi et al, 1993;Wales and Gibson, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone alkaline phosphatase and collagen markers as early predictors of height velocity response to growth‐promoting treatments in short normal children

Crofton

Stirling

Schönaü

et al. 1996

Clinical Endocrinology

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The best early predictors of height velocity response were bone alkaline phosphatase (a protein found in hypertrophic chondrocytes in the epiphyseal growth plate, in calcifying matrix vesicles and in mature osteoblasts) and procollagen Type III N-terminal propeptide, a marker of interstitial fibril biosynthesis in soft tissues. Using these markers, GH treatment could be targeted to those children most likely to benefit in the medium term.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone alkaline phosphatase and collagen markers as early predictors of height velocity response to growth‐promoting treatments in short normal children

Crofton

Stirling

Schönaü

et al. 1996

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…Most of these studies were based on measurements taken at annual, half-annual and even monthly intervals [4], and this regimen has been kept since. Growth velocity appears unevenly distributed throughout the year [5]. Although seasonal variation of stature increment has been observed by many authors both in healthy children [e.g., 6, 7, 8] and in children during growth hormone therapy [9], as well as in lower leg length increments [10], most of the within-year variance of stature increment remained unexplained, and was commonly attributed to measurement error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of Short-Term Growth

Hermanussen¹

1998

Horm Res Paediatr

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The analysis of short-term growth needs repetitive measurements of body stature or of segments of the body. When body stature is measured at monthly intervals, an irregular incremental pattern becomes obvious with a number of large-scale components such as series of prepubertal and pubertal growth spurts, seasonal influences on height gain, and influences of the psychosocial and economic background. When measurement intervals decrease, incremental patterns appear even more irregular, and a number of short-scale components become apparent that are distinct from measurement error. The review summarizes the analysis of short-term growth, and presents the current findings supporting different views on how growth progresses at short term. In particular, observations are presented that suggest growth being a pulsatile, a periodic, a saltatory, and a chaotic event. Some recent animal studies and studies in human newborns are added in detail as they illustrate short-term growth on the basis of accurate 24-hour measurements of the lower leg. The latter investigations support the idea of short-term growth being characterized by chaotic series of ‘mini growth spurts’ that occur at intervals of approximately 4–5 days, not only in human neonates, but also in rats. The amplitude of mini growth spurts ranges between 2 and some 10 mm, and growth velocity of each spurt also varies considerably so that one spurt needs between less than 1 and up to several days for completion.

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“…As a physiological phenomenon, a transient increase in height velocity is present in a number of healthy children during midchildhood (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). As a physiological phenomenon, a transient increase in height velocity is present in a number of healthy children during midchildhood (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( T HE MIDGROWTH spurt, a small transient increase in growth rate occurring around the age of 7 yr, has been observed in individual velocity curves in a number of studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). After multiple testing, however, significant increments, when compared with the respective preceding androgen excretion levels, were for the first time seen 1 yr after the midgrowth spurt (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) or 2 yr later (17-ketosteroid sulfates).…”

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The Midgrowth Spurt in Healthy Children Is Not Caused by Adrenarche

Manz

2001

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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A small transient increase in growth, the midgrowth spurt, has been observed in several growth studies in healthy children around the age of 7 yr. During this time adrenarche (the physiological increase in adrenal androgen secretion) also occurs. Although it is now well established that estrogen, not androgen, has a critical role in the male (and female) pubertal growth spurt, a direct effect of androgens on growth cannot be excluded. In accordance with published observations that growth is frequently accelerated in infants and young children with late-diagnosed 21-hydroxylase deficiency (before adequate androgen suppression), it has been speculated that the adrenarchal increase in adrenal androgen secretion in healthy children could be responsible for the midgrowth spurt. To test this hypothesis we studied long-term serial changes in urinary 24-h excretion rates of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and total 17-ketosteroid sulfates in a group of healthy children (n = 12) in which yearly auxological measurements allowed the identification of a midgrowth spurt. Annual measurements of standing height were performed over periods of 6-9 yr before the onset of puberty. All children collected five to seven serial 24-h urine samples (1-yr intervals) each at the time of anthropometric examination. The peak of the midgrowth spurt was found to occur at a mean age of 6.8 +/- 1.0 yr. The average height of the midgrowth peak, i.e. average maximum gain in height velocity, was 0.9 cm/yr. In a peak-centered examination of individual 24-h excretion rates of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17-ketosteroid sulfates, primarily weak 1-yr changes in adrenal androgens were observed until the peak was attained. Only after the peak did increments in urinary adrenal androgen output become more pronounced. ANOVA performed on the peak-centered dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17-ketosteroid sulfate excretion rates revealed a highly significant overall increase in adrenal androgen secretion from 2 yr before to 2 yr after the midgrowth spurt. After multiple testing, however, significant increments, when compared with the respective preceding androgen excretion levels, were for the first time seen 1 yr after the midgrowth spurt (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) or 2 yr later (17-ketosteroid sulfates). In conclusion, our longitudinal analysis of prepubertal growth and urinary adrenal androgen excretion in healthy children disproves the speculation that the midgrowth spurt is primarily caused by the adrenarchal increase in adrenal androgen secretion. However, the present results do not rule out a growth-accelerating effect of clearly higher androgen levels, as in premature adrenarche.

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Estimation of annual height velocity based on short‐ versus long‐term measurements

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Bone alkaline phosphatase and collagen markers as early predictors of height velocity response to growth‐promoting treatments in short normal children

Bone alkaline phosphatase and collagen markers as early predictors of height velocity response to growth‐promoting treatments in short normal children

The Analysis of Short-Term Growth

The Midgrowth Spurt in Healthy Children Is Not Caused by Adrenarche

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