Estimation of Aquifer Secondary Hydraulic Parameter Distributions from Surficial Geophysical Measurements of Primary Parameters: a Case Study of Ngor-Okpala Area of Imo State, Nigeria

Obianwu, Victor I.; Chimezie, Innocent Chibuzor; Akpan, Anthony E.; George, N. J.

doi:10.5539/apr.v3n2p67

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Area is located in Akwa Ibom State, in the south-south region of Nigeria. It spreads over an area of about 34 km 2 (Obianwu et al, 2011), with an estimated population of 127,856 according to the 2006 census (City population. de, n.d.).…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areas: Itu Local Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…has coordinates 5°12' 4.72" N and 7°59' 1.43" E of the Greenwich meridian. The area is predominantly characterized by farmlands and forests with hot and humid climatic conditions that are regulated by two seasons: the wet season spanning from March to October and the dry season from November to April (Obianwu et al, 2011). Ikot Ekpene, also known as Raffia City, is a historic town in the south-southern State of Akwa Ibom.…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areas: Itu Local Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Concentration of Pb, Hg, Co, V, As, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn and their Potential Sources in Soil from Two Abattoirs in Itu and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Anweting,

Ebong,

Okon

et al. 2024

jasem

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Inorganic contaminants which consist of toxic metals and salts are notable for their wide environmental dispersion and their tendency to accumulate in the tissues of the human body. Heavy metals are the major inorganic contaminants in abattoir soils. These metals, even at relatively low concentrations, are toxic. Hence the objective of this paper was to determine the concentration of Pb, Hg, Co, V, As, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn and their potential sources of pollution in soil from two abattoirs in Itu and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods after the dry oxidation. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The distribution of heavy metals contaminants in the Itu abattoir was of the order Hg < As < V < Cr < Co < Mn < Ni < Pb < Cd < Cu < Zn < Fe, while that of the Ikot Ekpene abattoir was Hg < As < Co < V < Cr < Mn < Pb < Ni < Cd < Cu < Zn < Fe. The mean order obtained for both abattoirs was Hg < As < V < Cr < Co < Mn < Ni < Pb < Cd < Cu < Zn < Fe. The results were subjected to some pollution indices to ascertain the level of ecological impacts on both plants and animals ecosystem around the abattoirs. The contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, degree of contamination, and pollution load index depict no pollution. Generally, all metals investigated were below the permissible limits of DUTCH, FEPA, WHO/FAO, and NESREA.

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Section: Description Of the Study Areas: Itu Local Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Study Areas: Itu Local Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Concentration of Pb, Hg, Co, V, As, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn and their Potential Sources in Soil from Two Abattoirs in Itu and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Anweting,

Ebong,

Okon

et al. 2024

jasem

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“…Geologically, study location is made of Quartering Sedimentary deposits of Benin Formation, which constitute the basic aquifer units (Obianwu et al, 2011b). The Benin Formation is practically made of trifling intercalations of argillites within the lithology of finer to coarser gravels/sands (Short and Stauble 1967;Reijers and Petters, 1987;Petters et al, 1989;Mbipom et al, 1996;Mbipom et al, 1996Obianwu et al, 2011aIbanga and George, 2016). Alluvium and Beach Ridge sands are Quaternary sediments.…”

Section: Model Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-sequence valorization of specific enablers of Aquifer vulnerability and contamination: a case of index-based model approach for ascertaining the threats to quality groundwater in sedimentary beds

George,

Ekanem,

Thomas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Evidently, sedimentary basins have a large potential for groundwater. However, the main issue has been the aquifer system's susceptibility to contamination coming from both anthropogenic and natural sources. This research was designed with the intention of valorizing the unique enablers of aquifer vulnerability and the ensuing pollution of economical and accessible aquifers using an index-based technique. On the basis of this obsession, this research was carried out to appraise the quality of the groundwater depository systems in the mapped area, which was chosen to be near a newly established university. The study used geo-electrical technology to evaluate the lithological sequence of the hydrogeological units and their first and second-order geo-electric properties, as well as the significant geochemical constituents of groundwater. The outcomes of using vertical electrical soundings with geo-electrical technology showed that the hydrogeological units are composed of sequences of sands prograding from finer to medium and medium to gravelly sands, minimally laced within sandy clay, according to the results of geo-electrical technology using vertical electrical soundings (VES). Layers 2 and 3 were accessible by the twenty VES (V1-V20), which gained access to designated economic and prospective aquifer systems. The ranges of resistivities for layers 1 to 4 gave 21.0 - 2872.3 (mean: 729.1 ), 26.3 – 3576.5 (mean: 746.3 ), 58.0-3588.8 (mean: 840.5 ) and 30.6 -921.7 (mean: 281.7 ) correspondingly. In respective order, layers 1 to 3 with defined depths and thicknesses ranged from 0.8 -40.0 m (7.5 m), 0.8 -83.6 m (69.1 m) and 55.0 -245.4 m (106.4 m) and 0.8 -40.0 m (7.5 m), 2.9 – 40.0 (61.7 m) and 26.7 -212.1 m (80.0 m). The aquifer systems considered have resistivity values ranging from 26.3 -3576.5 and mean value of 832.97 The five vulnerability models deployed showed very high spatial variability and moderate negative and positive correlations construed to be due to subjectivity in the weight-rate assignment. The coefficients of variation (CV) from sensitivity analysis (SA) indicated a relatively elevated contribution to the variation of the vulnerability index due to topography (9.7%) and the impact of the vadose zone (4.3%), which are marginally higher than the 1.6% displayed by other parameters. The groundwater displayed WHO’s disallowed concentrations of heavy ions, and the SA indicated that CV for the groundwater geochemical contamination is highest in cadmium ions (140.9%) followed by manganese ions (132%) and copper ions (88. 2%) across the wells. The moderate contribution distributions across the wells are nickel ions (48.8 %), lead ions (41.6%), chromium ions (39.8%) and iron ions (35.0%). All the realized geophysical and geochemical indices affirm that the groundwater is vulnerable and contaminated, and therefore, proper monitoring and management of resources is required.

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“…The interpretation of electrical resistivity sounding data is the process of deriving the values of true resistivities ( ) and thicknesses (t) of various subsurface strata from the values of recorded apparent resistivity ( ) at specified electrode separations (a) [6]. The viability of an aquifer, according to [8] is dependent on its thickness so that a very thick aquifer gives rise to prolific aquifers [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoelectric Investigation of Some Parts of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

Tsepav¹

2014

PSIJ

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Aim: A geoelectric investigation of the subsurface layering of some locations in the Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai was carried out using the Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding (VES) method with a view to determining the depth of aquifer for groundwater development. Methodology: The G41 Geotron Resistivity Meter was used in obtaining six (6) vertical electrical sounding data along dedicated profiles at different locations within the university, where there is concentration of developmental activities, while a global positioning system (GPS) enabled device was used in tracking the coordinates. The VES data so obtained were processed using the interpex 1xD sounding interpretation software. Results:The VES point near the Physics Block was observed to have the shallowest depth of aquifer at about 20m with the fractured basement of thickness about 18m; while the aquifer at the VES point near the Students' Hostel which proved to be the best was about 38m thick at a depth of 46m. The results also show that the area is generally gently undulating and slopes from north to south with an average depth to aquifer formations of 36.75m. The lithology inferred from the interpretation showed a four layered earth model indicating the top lateritic layer, the silty/clayey layer, the weathered/fractured basement and the fresh basement which correlated with the borehole logs in the vicinity

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Estimation of Aquifer Secondary Hydraulic Parameter Distributions from Surficial Geophysical Measurements of Primary Parameters: a Case Study of Ngor-Okpala Area of Imo State, Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluating the Concentration of Pb, Hg, Co, V, As, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn and their Potential Sources in Soil from Two Abattoirs in Itu and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Evaluating the Concentration of Pb, Hg, Co, V, As, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn and their Potential Sources in Soil from Two Abattoirs in Itu and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Electro-sequence valorization of specific enablers of Aquifer vulnerability and contamination: a case of index-based model approach for ascertaining the threats to quality groundwater in sedimentary beds

Geoelectric Investigation of Some Parts of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

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