Estimation of baseflow nitrate loads by a recursive tracing source algorithm in a rainy agricultural watershed

He, Shengjia; Wu, Jiunn-Liang; Lü, Jun

doi:10.1002/hyp.13597

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Streamflow can be regarded as high‐frequency signals because of the influence of hydrological conditions caused by storm events. On the other hand, baseflow can be considered a low‐frequency signal because baseflow is relatively stable due to the storage effect of groundwater aquifers (He et al., 2020; He & Lu, 2016). Therefore, we adopted a two‐parameter low pass recursive digital filter (ECK filter) for baseflow separation proposed by Eckhardt (2005) to estimate daily baseflow from daily streamflow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric and Land Drivers of Streamflow Flash Droughts in India

Singh,

Mishra

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Streamflow flash droughts (SFDs), characterized by a rapid decline in streamflow over a relatively short period, affect water availability, hydropower generation, and the ecosystem. However, atmospheric and land processes that drive SFDs in the monsoonal climate of India remain unexplored. Using observations, reanalysis data sets, and model simulations, we examined the critical drivers of SFDs in 64 catchments in India during the 1971–2018 period. We identified meteorological flash droughts (MFDs) using precipitation and SFDs using in situ observations and model simulations of streamflow. We show that precipitation deficit and anomalous high temperature, driven mainly by the summer monsoon breaks, lead to the development of MFDs. Antecedent baseflow conditions play a major role in the propagation of MFDs to SFDs. Favorable atmospheric conditions (driven by the monsoon breaks) cause MFDs, which translate to SFDs. High and low baseflow conditions limit the rapid decline in streamflow, which controls the occurrence of streamflow flash drought. On the other hand, favorable atmospheric conditions combined with moderate baseflow can trigger SFDs in India during the summer monsoon season. Moreover, humid catchments are more prone to propagation from MFDs to SFDs during the monsoon season in India. Understanding the crucial role of atmospheric and land drivers can assist in examining the occurrence of streamflow flash drought with implications for water resources planning and management.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric and Land Drivers of Streamflow Flash Droughts in India

Singh,

Mishra

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Various reports have indicated that baseflow is one of the dominant hydrological pathways for NO 3 -N migration toward streams (He & Lu 2016). For example, the percentages of total NO 3 -N load contributed by baseflow were 66, 59, 52, and 62% for the Raccoon River watershed in the USA (Schilling & Zhang 2004), the Corberia watershed in Spain (Rodríguez-Blanco et al 2013), the Mulgrave River watershed in Australia (Rasiah et al 2013), and the Changle River watershed in China (He et al 2020), respectively. In the upper and middle HRB, the baseflow only accounted for one-fourth of the total natural runoff, while it contributed half of the total NPS NO 3 -N load.…”

Section: Preferential Hydrological Pathway Of No 3 -N Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual nitrate load patterns in an agricultural watershed in consecutive dry years

Chen

Ruan

2021

Hydrology Research

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Nitrate (NO3-N) load characteristics in consecutive dry years in the Huai River Basin (HRB), China, were examined using streamflow and NO3-N concentration data. The data set spanned 12 years including three consecutive dry years. Baseflow separation, load estimation, and nonparametric linear regression were applied to separate point source (PS), baseflow, and surface runoff NO3-N loads from the total load. The mean annual nonpoint source (NPS) load was 2.84 kg·ha−1·yr−1, accounting for 90.8% of the total load. Baseflow contributed approximately one-fourth of the natural runoff and half of the NPS load. The baseflow nitrate index (i.e., the ratio of baseflow NO3-N load to total NPS NO3-N load) was 25.4% higher in consecutive dry years than in individual dry years. This study demonstrated that baseflow is the preferential hydrological pathway for NO3-N transport in the HRB and that baseflow delivers a higher NO3-N percentage to streams under long-term drought than under short-term drought. This study highlights the alarming evidence that continuous drought caused by climate change may lead to a higher rate of nitrogen loss in agricultural watersheds.

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“…Thanks to the availability of water quality databases belonging to numerous governmental organizations and the availability of various estimation methods (Aulenbach, 2013;Cohn, 2005;Cohn, Delong, Gilroy, Hirsch, & Wells, 1989;He, Hao, Wu, & Lu, 2020;Verhoff, Yaksich, & Melfi, 1980), the patterns of nitrate transport can be investigated. Even though the data held in these databases are usually collected in fixed sampling programs and so may be limited in their spatial and temporal resolution, these data can still support initial investigations of nitrate transport during consecutive dry years without requiring huge investments in time and resources (Sliva & Williams, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of nitrate transport in an agricultural watershed through consecutive dry years

chen¹,

Ruan²

2020

Preprint

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Recently, because of regional climate changes and human activities, the risk and intensity of droughts in the upper and middle Huaihe River Basin, China, have increased. These changes in rainfall may have, in turn, had an influence on the pathways of nitrate transport in this predominantly agricultural watershed. In this study, the characteristics of nitrate transport over consecutive dry years in this watershed were examined using records of streamflow and nitrate concentration data that spanned a period of 12 years (2007-2018) that included 3 consecutive dry years (2011)(2012)(2013). The baseflow was separated from the streamflow using a digital filter method and the nitrate loads were estimated using a regression method. The annual discharge and nitrate load in streamflow and baseflow averaged 23.5 billion m 3 and 41.9 kiloton (kt), and 7.4 billion m 3 and 14.7 kt, respectively. Baseflow contributed more to the total discharge and total nitrate load in the consecutive dry years (41.0% of the total discharge and 56.2% of the total nitrate load) than in wet, normal, and single dry years. Averaged over the whole study period, the monthly baseflow nitrate index (BFNI) was higher than 50% in the dry season and lower than 30% in the flood season. Over the study period, the annual baseflow enrichment ratio (BER) ranged from 0.94 to 1.46 and averaged 1.13, and was highest (1.46) in the consecutive dry years. The results suggest that nitrate was mainly transported to surface water via baseflow during dry conditions and that this process was particularly important during the consecutive dry years. Therefore, to protect surface water, measures should be urgently implemented to control nitrate transport in groundwater during consecutive dry years.

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Estimation of baseflow nitrate loads by a recursive tracing source algorithm in a rainy agricultural watershed

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Atmospheric and Land Drivers of Streamflow Flash Droughts in India

Atmospheric and Land Drivers of Streamflow Flash Droughts in India

Annual nitrate load patterns in an agricultural watershed in consecutive dry years

Patterns of nitrate transport in an agricultural watershed through consecutive dry years

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