Estimation of Breathing Frequency and Heart Rate by Biometric UWB Radar

Contactless vital sign monitoring systems: a comprehensive survey of remote health sensing for heart rate and respiration in internet of things and sleep applications

“…The signals generated by radars are used to categorize different types of radars, such as continuous wave radars (CW), 28,31,34 frequency modulated CW (FMCW) radars 59 and UWB pulsed radars. 30,[35][36][37][38][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][54][55][56] In a CW radar, a transceiver is used to send a continuous wave signal towards the chest of a person. The reflected waveform is then received, demodulated, and processed to obtain the breathing and heart rates as discussed in the literature.…”

Basic Signal Processing Principles for Monitoring of Persons Using Uwb Sensors – An Overview

“…Instead, comprehensive radar signal processing procedures have to be applied for that purpose. Note that such radar signal processing procedures consist of a set of radar signal processing phases where each phase is implemented using proper methods of signal processing [15]- [20].…”

“…F . An analysis of this problem in [20] has shown that these harmonic components may also have higher power than the frequency component caused by the breathing of the person, and hence the dominant component of the spectrum of signals from the set of K in the frequency band H F may not be the heart rate. Based on this, the method suggested in [20] can be used to estimate the human heart rate based on the processing of signals measured by the UWB radar.…”

“…Estimation of the human breathing frequency based on processing of signals measured by the UWB sensor can be accomplished by using signal processing phases such as increasing (enhancing) the power of radargram components due to person respiration motions-to-clutter and noise ratio (ENCR B ), estimating the power spectrum of the signals from the set of signals K obtained as a result of the ENCR B increasing, selection signals with a relatively high level of ENCR B , and finally the estimation of respiratory rate itself [19], [20]. In order to increase ENCR B , the exponential averaging method (clutter suppression) in combination with the range filtering as well as with the method of filtering the signals from the K set for the case of constant bistatic distances (e.g.…”

“…for MP or SP localization or for breathing frequency and heart rate estimation). In contrast to these approaches, the papers [15]- [20] are creating a unified platform for all mentioned aspects of person monitoring. The platform is based on a set of radar signal processing procedures originally developed for MP and SP localization which are complemented by specific algorithms of estimation of breathing frequency and heart rate.…”