Estimation of carbon emissions from groundwater pumping in central Punjab

Dhillon, Maninder Singh; Kaur, Samanpreet; Sood, Anil K.; Aggarwal, Rajan

doi:10.1080/17583004.2018.1518107

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Most irrigated regions in the world are facing the problem of a continuous decline in groundwater, leading to an increase in irrigation energy consumption. The decline in groundwater level has increased the energy required for pumping the groundwater in many parts of India ( Shah, 2009 ; Dhillon et al, 2018 ). Zhao et al (2020) also attributed the decline of the groundwater table to an increase in energy consumption for pumping groundwater.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy conservation prospects in water intensive Paddy-Wheat cropping system for groundwater pumping in the semi-arid region of Haryana

Singh

Jhorar

Sidhpuria

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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The study was aimed at identifying the potential energy saving for groundwater pumping through enhanced efficiency of the pump sets. A total of 65 electrically powered tube wells were selected in the Sonipat district of the north Indian State of Haryana to study the energy use efficiency for groundwater pumping. The existing efficiency as well as the minimum expected overall efficiency of the tubewells were determined based on field survey, measurements, and applicable standard code of the Bureau of India Standards. The overall efficiencies of selected tube wells, computed based on actual measured power consumption, varied from 10.1% to 56.6% in the Sonipat block and 15.3% to 52.8% in the Rai block. The average energy requirement, for the selected tube wells, at the current efficiency level was 4,364.0 and 13,100.4 kWh for wheat and paddy crops, respectively, in the Sonipat block, while it was 3,424.8 and 10,280.9 kWh for wheat and paddy crops, respectively, in the Rai block. Analysis revealed that improving overall efficiency from the current level to the minimum expected level can lead to energy savings of 48.3% and 35.9% for tube wells in the Sonipat and Rai block, respectively. In the Rai block, where the groundwater level has declined significantly, the replacement of inefficient pumps should be done in tandem with crop diversification, improving water application efficiency and groundwater status by employing improved irrigation management practices and adopting groundwater recharge techniques.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy conservation prospects in water intensive Paddy-Wheat cropping system for groundwater pumping in the semi-arid region of Haryana

Singh

Jhorar

Sidhpuria

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…However, the authors show serious concern that the availability of renewable energy will encourage the farmers to pump additional groundwater because of the currently low pumping costs. Dhillon et al 41 projected that an improvement in pumping plant efficiency could also reduce CO 2 emissions. Zou et al 42 showed indirect effects through general water savings of improved irrigation systems and subsequent lower CO 2 emissions because of a reduced groundwater demand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and environmental impact assessment of sustainable future irrigation practices in the Indus Basin of Pakistan

Muzammil

Zahid

2021

Sci Rep

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Pakistan’s agriculture is characterized by insecure water supply and poor irrigation practices. We investigate the economic and environmental feasibility of alternative improved irrigation technologies (IIT) by estimating the site-specific irrigation costs, groundwater anomalies, and CO2 emissions. IIT consider different energy sources including solar power in combination with changes in the irrigation method. The status quo irrigation costs are estimated to 1301 million US$ year−1, its groundwater depletion to 6.3 mm year−1 and CO2 emissions to 4.12 million t year−1, of which 96% originate from energy consumption and 4% via bicarbonate extraction from groundwater. Irrigation costs of IIT increase with all energy sources compared to the status quo, which is mainly based on diesel engine. This is because of additional variable and fixed costs for system’s operation. Of these, subsidized electricity induces lowest costs for farmers with 63% extra costs followed by solar energy with 77%. However, groundwater depletion can even be reversed with 35% rise in groundwater levels via IIT. Solar powered irrigation can break down CO2 emissions by 81% whilst other energy sources boost emissions by up to 410%. Results suggest that there is an extremely opposing development between economic and ecological preferences, requiring stakeholders to negotiate viable trade-offs.

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“…The unsustainability of agricultural development has become a much-researched subject [1][2][3]. One challenge for the intensification of food production in arid regions is the vulnerability and over-allocation of river flow, which causes farmers to shift to pumped irrigation, using available water sources, including groundwater [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The pumped irrigation ensures the reliability of water supply according to crop water requirements; however, pumping water makes irrigation energy-and carbon-intensive, increases greenhouse gas emissions, and accelerates climate change [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the USA and India, 60% of irrigation already relies on groundwater [4,13,14]. Although pumping groundwater accounts for only 3%, 3.6%, and 6% of total emissions from agriculture in China, Iran, and India, respectively [4,5,15], there are regions where groundwater abstraction has become the major consumer of generated electricity and source of carbon emissions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In regions with intensive agriculture, groundwater depletion follows a significant increase in energy use [4,6,18]. The northern states of India and the North China Plain are examples of such regions where groundwater depletion has caused an increase in energy consumption and carbon emissions [8,19,20]. Due to the depletion of groundwater sources, according to Qiu et al [20], energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the North China Plain grew by 22% and 42%, respectively, from 1996 to 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water, Energy and Carbon Tradeoffs of Groundwater Irrigation-Based Food Production: Case Studies from Fergana Valley, Central Asia

Karimov

Amirova

Karimov³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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In arid environments, water shortages due to over-allocation of river flow are often compensated by lift irrigation or pumping groundwater. In such environments, farmers using pumped irrigation can deploy on-farm energy-efficient and water-saving technologies; however, pumping water requiring extra energy is associated with carbon emissions. This study explores how to increase crop production using pumped irrigation with minimal energy and carbon emissions. The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to examine on-farm energy consumption and carbon emissions in gravity and groundwater irrigation systems; and second, to explore system-level alternatives of power generation and water management for food production based on the results from the farm-level analysis. This study employs a novel system-level approach for addressing water, energy, and carbon tradeoffs under pumped irrigation using groundwater. These tradeoffs are assessed at farm and system levels. On-farm level estimates showed that farm-level interventions were insufficient to produce mutual gains. According to the results of the system-level evaluation, system-level interventions for water and energy conservation, the use of renewable energy to pump water for irrigation, and river basin scale cooperation are all required to maintain crop production while reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions.

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Estimation of carbon emissions from groundwater pumping in central Punjab

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Energy conservation prospects in water intensive Paddy-Wheat cropping system for groundwater pumping in the semi-arid region of Haryana

Energy conservation prospects in water intensive Paddy-Wheat cropping system for groundwater pumping in the semi-arid region of Haryana

Economic and environmental impact assessment of sustainable future irrigation practices in the Indus Basin of Pakistan

Water, Energy and Carbon Tradeoffs of Groundwater Irrigation-Based Food Production: Case Studies from Fergana Valley, Central Asia

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