Estimation of Caries Experience by Multiple Imputation and Direct Standardization

Schuller, Annemarie; Buuren, Stef van

doi:10.1159/000353140

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We chose 10 iterative imputations to account for the variability in the estimations and used the pooled result [Dong and Peng, 2013]. We wanted to examine the pattern in analyses with both original and imputed data, as such results are rarely presented [Schuller and van Buuren, 2014]. The higher factor loadings of imputed parental characteristics might suggest that these were underestimated in original data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Socioeconomic Factors and Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents

Kramer¹,

Petzold

Hakeberg³

et al. 2017

Caries Res

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The study aimed to explore associations between multiple socioeconomic factors and dental caries experience in Swedish children and adolescents (3-19 years old). Electronic dental records from 300,988, in a Swedish region (97.3% coverage) were collected using the DMFT indices (decayed, missing, filled teeth: dependent variables). Socioeconomic status (SES) data (ethnicity, wealth, parental education, and employment) for individuals, parents, and families were obtained from official registers. Principal component analysis was used to explore SES data. Scores based on the first factor were used as an independent aggregated socioeconomic variable in logistic regression analyses. Dental caries experience was low in the participants: 16% in 3- to 6-year-olds (deft index: decayed, extracted, filled teeth) and 47% in 7- to 19-year-olds (DFT index). Both separate and aggregated socioeconomic variables were consistently associated with the dental caries experience irrespective of the caries index used: the crude odds ratio (OR) for having at least 1 caries lesion in 3- to 6-year-olds (deft index) in the lowest SES quintile was 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.09-3.43) and in ≥7-year-olds (DFT index) OR 1.80 (95% CI 1.75-1.84) compared with children in the 4 higher SES quintiles. Overall, associations were stronger in the primary dentition than in the permanent dentition. Large SES models contributed more to explaining the caries experience than slim models including fewer SES indicators. In conclusion, socioeconomic factors were consistently associated with dental caries experience in the children and adolescents both as single factors and as multiple factors combined in an index. Socioeconomic inequalities had stronger associations to caries experience in young children than in older children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Socioeconomic Factors and Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents

Kramer¹,

Petzold

Hakeberg³

et al. 2017

Caries Res

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“…One of the strengths of this study was the very high prevalence of caries experience in our sample (80.4 %). The overall prevalence in 5-year-olds in the Netherlands is 41 % [ 15 ]. In theory, the high prevalence in our practice should have facilitated the confirmation of the hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental caries still affects many schoolchildren, despite all the efforts made in prevention programmes. Recently, a prevalence of 41 % was reported for 5-year-olds in the Netherlands [ 15 ]. It is a disease that, even in the context of the preventive effect of using fluoride toothpaste, largely results from difficulties in managing a healthy lifestyle: the inadequate removal of dental plaque and the frequent intake of sugary foods and drinks [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index and dental caries in children aged 5 to 8 years attending a dental paediatric referral practice in the Netherlands

et al. 2015

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BackgroundObesity and dental caries are widely-recognised problems that affect general health. The prevention of both dental caries and obesity have proven very difficult: children and their parents may need professional support to achieve behaviour change. To find out whether both dental caries and overweight in childhood can be targeted using a common risk factor approach, it is necessary to establish whether the two diseases are indeed linked. The aim of the present study was therefore to use anthropometric data obtained professionally to investigate the association between Body Mass Index and dental caries experience in children aged 5–8 years receiving treatment in a referral centre for paediatric dental care in the Netherlands.MethodsChildren’s dmft and dmfs scores were calculated using dental records and sociodemographic data were also extracted from these records. Dentists were trained to measure standing height and weight in a standardised way. Body Mass Index was calculated by dividing kilograms by height squared (kg/m2). Extended International (International Obesity Task Force) body mass index cut-offs were used to define ‘no overweight’ and ‘overweight’ (with the latter category including obesity).ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the mean dmft or dmfs scores of the two groups (overweight and non-overweight), even after correction for the effect of the potential confounders sex, socio-economic status and ethnicity. The percentage of caries-active children in the non-overweight group was almost the same as in the overweight group. No statistically significant differences were found.ConclusionsWe hypothesised to find a positive association between body mass index and dental caries experience in children aged 5–8 years attending our practice. However, this study did not find a relationship of this kind. A common risk factor approach for the prevention of caries and overweight is therefore not supported by our study.

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“…Sample sizes were determined based on the potential to detect relative differences of 30% in mean caries experience, from earlier estimates from 2005 to 2009, at an alpha of 0.05 with a power of 80%. This led to a required sample size of about 450 children per age category .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐economic inequality in oral health in childhood to young adulthood, despite full dental coverage

Verlinden

Reijneveld

Lanting

et al. 2019

European J Oral Sciences

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The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess differences in caries experience according to socio‐economic status (SES) in a health‐care system with full coverage of dental costs for children up to the age of 18 yr. In 2011 and 2014, by performing hurdle negative binomial models, we obtained data on 3,022 children and young adults aged 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, and 23 yr, living in four cities in the Netherlands. At all ages between 5 and 23 yr, the percentages of children with caries‐free dentitions were lower and mean caries experience were higher in low‐SES than in high‐SES participants. In 5‐yr‐old children with dmft > 0, mean caries experience was 3.6 in those with low SES and 2.3 in those with high SES. In 23‐yr‐old participants, these estimates were 6.8 and 4.4, respectively (P < 0.05). Low‐SES children have a greater risk of more caries experience than high‐SES children. Thus, in a system with full free paediatric dental coverage, socio‐economic inequality in caries experience still exists. Dental health professionals, well‐child care doctors and nurses, general practitioners, and elementary school teachers should collaborate to promote oral health at the community level, with specific targeting of low‐SES families. We further need policy measures to curtail, at community level, the increasing availability and consumption of highly processed, carbohydrate‐rich foods, with particular attention for low‐SES families.

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Estimation of Caries Experience by Multiple Imputation and Direct Standardization

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Multiple Socioeconomic Factors and Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents

Multiple Socioeconomic Factors and Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents

Body mass index and dental caries in children aged 5 to 8 years attending a dental paediatric referral practice in the Netherlands

Socio‐economic inequality in oral health in childhood to young adulthood, despite full dental coverage

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