Estimation of corrosion on carbon steel TRU waste drums using the poisson distribution

Lyon, B.F.; Holmes, J.A.; Kosiewicz, S.T.; Wilbert, K.A.; Travis, Curtis C.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(96)01799-2

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is based on the idea that liquid will leak slowly and quickly volatilize. Sudden increases of TCA concentrations in the source region are possible if individual drums of solvents burst; however, barrel corrosion data suggest slow leakage to be a more plausible scenario (Lyon et al, 1996). Additional evidence presented below supports this conceptual model.…”

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vadose Zone Transport of 1,1,1‐Trichloroethane: Conceptual Model Validation through Numerical Simulation

Stauffer

Birdsell

Witkowski

et al. 2005

Vadose Zone Journal

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Wright, 1992). As pore spaces become drier, air pathways become better connected and vapor can more eas-A conceptual model is developed to better understand vadose zone ily migrate under molecular diffusion or pressure driven vapor-phase diffusion within the mesas of the Pajarito Plateau at Los Alamos National Laboratory. We focus on 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) flow. Rapid vapor transport can also be caused by large vapor transport from a liquid-waste disposal site. The conceptual model variations in barometric pressure (Auer et al., 1996) and incorporates several physical processes, including partitioning of TCA pressure gradients resulting from topographic features into the liquid phase, saturation-dependent diffusion, diffusion through (Weeks, 2001). asphalt, and interaction with the atmosphere. Three-dimensional nu-Several factors can act to reduce the ability of vapormerical simulations that use the conceptual model of TCA transport phase VOCs to migrate in the vadose zone. As pore spaces are then calibrated to pore-gas monitoring data. Adjustable paramebecome saturated, vapor-phase tortuosity increases and ters in the numerical simulations are limited to (i) the vapor-phase both the effective vapor-phase diffusion coefficient and diffusion coefficients for the different geologic units, asphalt cover, and the gas-phase permeability are reduced (Jury et al., 1991). land-atmosphere boundary layer and (ii) the fixed concentrations inVolatile organic compounds tend to have low solubility, the two shaft clusters. By including all of the components of the conceptual model in our numerical simulations we were able to achieve but some partitioning into vadose zone water occurs and a reasonable match between the simulated plume and site data for two can slow the migration of VOC vapor (Jury et al., 1990). alternate conceptual models of asphalt, one with asphalt as a diffusivePartitioning is often assumed to be an equilibrium phebarrier and one without asphalt as a diffusive barrier. A goodness-of-fit nomenon; however, Thomson et al. (1997) reported that analysis shows that the best-fit simulations are highly correlated to this may be an oversimplification of field conditions. data points from 21 boreholes. The simulations demonstrate thatAnother process that slows VOC migration is sorption diffusive behavior describes the general characteristics of the current onto mineral surfaces, which may or may not be reverssubsurface vapor plume. Effective vapor-phase diffusion coefficients ible. Slow desorption of VOC in the vadose zone can used in the simulations that best fit the data suggest that barometric lead to long-term sources that are extremely difficult to pumping is not contributing to diffusion in the deep vadose zone; howremediate. Finally, degradation of VOCs by both abiotic ever, it is likely that barometric pumping is occurring in fractures near the mesa edge. We conclude that asphalt is most likely acting as

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Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vadose Zone Transport of 1,1,1‐Trichloroethane: Conceptual Model Validation through Numerical Simulation

Stauffer

Birdsell

Witkowski

et al. 2005

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…As the waste drums age, corrosion may result in general drum wall thinning across a large surface area as well as localized pitting perforation (Lyon et al, 1996). Previous studies have suggested that slow leaks from waste drums (i.e., through pinhole leaks or unsealed lids), which are simulated with 200 μL/L fixed sources on the east and west sides of the site, contribute a continuous VOC mass to the plume (Snyder et al, 2017).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1996, estimates of corrosion rates were made using data collected from containers of transuranic waste under an earthen cover on the LANL property (Lyon et al, 1996). The Poisson probability distribution described in this study, coupled with an understanding of site conditions and drum properties, was the basis for predicting corrosion and drum failure rates at MDA L. Drum failure-defined as a discrete event in which breaching of the drum wall releases enough mass to reach saturated vapor pressure-has a low probability of occurring at MDA L at present.…”

Section: Waste Disposal At Materials Disposal Area Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Plume Response to Soil Vapor Extraction and Hypothetical Drum Failure

Behar

Snyder

Marczak

et al. 2019

Vadose Zone Journal

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Core Ideas Soil vapor extraction (SVE) wells are an effective interim remediation technique. Flow and transport modeling assists in evaluation of vapor plume behavior. Plume simulations assuming drum failure and SVE provide a framework for remediation planning. A small borehole subset could be monitored for detection of VOC releases due to drum failure. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) has been used at sites across the Department of Energy complex, including sites where legacy subsurface wastes represent a potential source of groundwater contamination. At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), leakage from waste drums buried at an inactive chemical waste site has created a subsurface vapor plume of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil vapor extraction operation in 2015 and rebound testing through 2017 were successful in reducing the plume's mass and mitigating VOC migration toward the water table. However, the possibility that waste drums could fail and release VOCs could pose a challenge in the future. To explore the impacts of drum failure, as well as the capabilities of SVE remediation, we simulated hypothetical contaminant release scenarios and subsequent SVE remediation. Three‐dimensional subsurface VOC behavior, including advection, diffusion, and plume interactions with topography, were simulated using the porous flow simulator Finite Element Heat and Mass Transfer. Simulations of future site conditions have allowed identification of “sentry” boreholes that can be monitored for early detection in case of drum failure. Sentry boreholes can also be used to set concentration thresholds above which SVE should be initiated. For the LANL site, simulations show that SVE can be started 3 yr following drum failure and remain a viable remediation tool. More broadly, the principles outlined in this work can be used to support remediation planning at other subsurface waste sites. Predictive models of future releases can be analyzed to set concentration threshold values, guide selection of sentry boreholes, and increase operational efficiency.

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“…Rather, the best that can be done is to make probabilistic statements about the occurrence of this process. The stochastic nature of many corrosion processes has been widely addressed in many contexts, including the geologic disposal of radioactive waste (e.g., Farmer et al 1991, Wu et al 1991, Henshall 1992, Bullen 1996, Lyon et al 1996.…”

Section: Hypothetical Corrosion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A model that results in all waste packages failing at the same time is not reasonable and results from ignoring variability in the corrosion process that is generally accepted to exist (e.g., Farmer et al 1991, Wu et al 1991, Henshall 1992, Bullen 1996, Lyon et al 1996. In particular, due to spatial variation arising from many sources (e.g., local variations in moisture, chemical conditions, surface properties, .…”

Section: Uncertainty In the Characterization Of Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Uncertainty and Variability of Drip Shield and Waste Package Degradation in WAPDEG Analysis

Helton¹

2000

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Estimation of corrosion on carbon steel TRU waste drums using the poisson distribution

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Vadose Zone Transport of 1,1,1‐Trichloroethane: Conceptual Model Validation through Numerical Simulation

Vadose Zone Transport of 1,1,1‐Trichloroethane: Conceptual Model Validation through Numerical Simulation

An Investigation of Plume Response to Soil Vapor Extraction and Hypothetical Drum Failure

Incorporation of Uncertainty and Variability of Drip Shield and Waste Package Degradation in WAPDEG Analysis

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