Estimation of Dietary Fat Intake of Belgian Pregnant Women

Vriese, S. R. De; Henauw, S De; Backer, Guy De; Dhont, Marc; Christophe, A. B.

doi:10.1159/000046738

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Conversely, higher absolute LA intake levels were found in another Belgian and a Dutch study with a smaller sample size (30,31) (Table 7). Another pattern was found for LNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids for Belgian women, focused on n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Sioen

Pynaert

Matthys

et al. 2006

Lipids

102

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ABSTRACT:The intake of fat, saturated and monounsaturated FA (SFA and MUFA), and omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA has been estimated in 641 Belgian women (age 18-39 y). Their food intake was recorded using a 2-d food diary. The PUFA included were linoleic (LA), alpha-linolenic (LNA), arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. The mean total fat intake corresponded to 34.3% of total energy intake (E). The mean intake of the FA groups corresponded to 13.7%, 13.1%, and 6.0% of E, for SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively. The mean intake of LA was 5.3% of E and of LNA was 0.6% of E, with a mean LA/LNA ratio of 8.7. The mean intake of AA was 0.03% of E. The mean intake of EPA, DPA, and DHA was 0.04%, 0.01%, and 0.06% of E, respectively. According to the Belgian recommendations, the total fat and SFA intake was too high for about three-quarters of the population. The mean LA and overall n-6 PUFA intake corresponded with the recommendation, with part of the population exceeding the upper level. Conversely, the population showed a large deficit for LNA and n-3 PUFA. The major food source for LA and LNA was fats and oils, followed by cereal products. The main sources of long-chain PUFA were fish and seafood, and meat, poultry, and eggs. From a public health perspective, it seems desirable to tackle the problem of low n-3 PUFA intake.Paper no. L9945 in Lipids 41, 415-422 (May 2006).Advances in the knowledge concerning physiological functions of dietary PUFA, in particular omega-3 PUFA, have led to an increased interest in the food sources and the level of dietary intake of these nutrients. Alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, C18:3n-3) is a plant-derived omega-3 FA. Together with linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6), LNA is one of the two essential FA in the human diet; LA and LNA cannot be synthesised by the human metabolism. LNA can be desaturated and elongated in the human body to its longer-chain relatives, long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA), but the efficiency of this conversion is reduced by high intake levels of LA, which competes more effectively than LNA for desaturation and elongation enzymes because LA is abundantly present in Western diets (1). There is evidence to suggest that the conversion rate of dietary LNA to LC n-3 PUFA is insufficient to achieve adequate levels, even when the LNA intake is increased (2,3). Nevertheless, a British study suggested that women may possess a greater capacity for LNA conversion than men (4,5). LC n-3 PUFA are not synthesised by plants, but they are present in animals and in the marine food chain, EPA (C20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n-3), and DHA (C22:6n-3) being the most abundant in the human diet. It is via planktivorous fishes that LC n-3 PUFA enter the marine food chain and accumulate in seafood (2). Therefore, seafood products are excellent food sources of LC n-3 PUFA. For more than 30 years, a lot of fundamental clinical and epidemiological research work has been done with regard to the relationship between n-3 FA and health, showin...

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“…Conversely, higher absolute LA intake levels were found in another Belgian and a Dutch study with a smaller sample size (30,31) (Table 7). Another pattern was found for LNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids for Belgian women, focused on n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Sioen

Pynaert

Matthys

et al. 2006

Lipids

102

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“…In order to determine the food sources that, on a population level, contributed 95% of the intake of the dietary components of interest, two recent epidemiological surveys were used. Both studies, one in adolescents (1997) (Matthys et al, 2003) and the other in pregnant women (1996) (De Vriese et al, 2001), used the same dietary methodology, namely a consecutive 7-day estimated diary. Foods with a very high iron content that are part of the Belgian dietary pattern were also included in the food list.…”

Section: Iiatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reproducibility of a computerised tool for assessing the iron, calcium and vitamin C intake of Belgian women

et al. 2004

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Objective: To determine the relative validity of a newly developed iron intake assessment tool, designed specifically to assess iron, calcium and vitamin C intake. Design: Estimates of iron, calcium and vitamin C intake from a computerised iron intake assessment tool compared with those from 11-day estimated dietary records. Setting: Region of Ghent (N ¼ 7225 000), a city in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. Subjects: In all, 50 women aged 18-39 y, participating in a large-scale epidemiological study on iron intake and iron status. Main results: Mean dietary iron intake from the 11-day food record, the unadjusted dietary iron intake assessment tool and the adjusted tool was, respectively, 10.572.7, 10.474.3 and 9.672.9 mg. For the different nutrients, the correlation coefficients vary from 0.45 to 0.60 for adjusted intake. The mean difference of iron intake by the two methods (0.872.9 mg) did not differ significantly from zero. The new method correctly classified 38% (iron), 38% (calcium) and 58% (vitamin C) of the subjects to the correct tertile. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 for adjusted vitamin C intake to 0.73 for adjusted calcium intake between two administrations. Conclusion: The newly developed instrument can be used to assess mean group intakes of iron, calcium and vitamin C in women consuming a Western diet. However, since the ranking capability of the new tool is rather weak, further refinement of the tool is required to produce a robust method for assessing iron, calcium and vitamin C intakes of individuals.

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“…The few existing studies concerning the French population deal only with the intakes of linoleic and α-linolenic acids (7). Recent population-based studies have considered long-chain PUFA consumption in countries from Europe and North America and in Australia and Japan (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). This study is based on the SU.VI.MAX study, an interventional prospective study on a sample of French adults of both sexes, during which the food habits of participants were recorded, and on a food composition table that we developed to allow the estimation of the intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFA of interest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intakes and food sources of n−6 and n−3 PUFA in french adult men and women

Astorg

Arnault

Czernichow

et al. 2004

Lipids

178

153

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The intake of individual n-6 and n-3 PUFA has been estimated in 4,884 adult subjects (2,099 men and 2,785 women), volunteers from the French SU.VI.MAX intervention trial. The food intakes of each subject were recorded in at least ten 24-h record questionnaires completed over a period of 2.5 yr, allowing the estimation of the daily intake of energy; total fat; and linoleic, alpha-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), n-3 docosapentaenoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. The mean total fat intake corresponded to 94.1 g/d (36.3% of total energy intake) in men and 73.4 g/d (38.1% of energy) in women. The intake of linoleic acid was 10.6 g/d in men and 8.1 g/d in women, representing 4.2% of energy intake; that of alpha-linolenic acid was 0.94 g/d in men and 0.74 g/d in women, representing 0.37% of energy intake, with a mean linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid ratio of 11.3. The mean intakes of long-chain PUFA were: arachidonic acid, 204 mg/d in men and 152 mg/d in women; EPA, 150 mg/d in men and 118 mg/d in women; DPA, 75 mg/d in men and 56 mg/d in women; DHA, 273 mg/d in men and 226 mg/d in women; long-chain n-3 PUFA, 497 mg/d in men and 400 mg/d in women. Ninety-five percent of the sample consumed less than 0.5% of energy as alpha-linolenic acid, which is well below the current French recommendation for adults (0.8% of energy). In contrast, the mean intakes of long-chain n-6 and n-3 PUFA appear fairly high and fit the current French recommendations (total long-chain PUFA: 500 mg/d in men and 400 mg/d in women; DHA: 120 mg/d in men and 100 mg/d in women). The intakes of alpha-linolenic acid, and to a lesser extent of linoleic acid, were highly correlated with that of lipids. Whereas the main source of linoleic acid was vegetable oils, all food types contributed to alpha-linolenic acid intake, the main ones being animal products (meat, poultry, and dairy products). The main source of EPA and DHA (and of total long-chain n-3 PUFA) was fish and seafood, but the major source of DPA was meat, poultry, and eggs. Fish and seafood consumption showed very large interindividual variations, the low consumers being at risk of insufficient n-3 PUFA intake.

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Estimation of Dietary Fat Intake of Belgian Pregnant Women

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids for Belgian women, focused on n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids for Belgian women, focused on n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Validity and reproducibility of a computerised tool for assessing the iron, calcium and vitamin C intake of Belgian women

Dietary intakes and food sources of n−6 and n−3 PUFA in french adult men and women

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