Estimation of dry deposition velocity using inferential models and site-specific meteorology—uncertainty due to siting of meteorological towers

Brook, Jeffrey R.; Di-Giovanni, F.; Cakmak, Sabit; Meyers, Tilden P.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00247-1

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this comparison, tree tops‐to‐clearing ratios of modeled Vd for SO 4 2− , SO 2 , and HNO 3 varied from month to month and averaged ≈1.5. A one‐year study begun in 1994 at four sites located within 0.5 km near Egbert, Canada, reports spatial variability in MLM estimates of annual average Vd to be 10% for SO 2 and O 3 , 30% for SO 4 2− , and 40% for HNO 3 [ Brook et al , 1997a]. Two of these were open sites using 10‐m towers, one was in a forest clearing with a 10‐m tower, and the fourth used a 30‐m tower, extending above the forest.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and regional air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States

Sickles

Shadwick²

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The atmospheric concentration, wet deposition, and inferred dry deposition of selected air pollutants reported over two 5-year periods in the 1990s at or near 34 rural Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites located in the eastern United States (U.S.) are adjusted for known biases, composed into seasonal values, and examined. Several terms are defined for the current study, where OxN is the measured oxidized nitrogen (i.e., airborne OxN is the sum of airborne HNO 3 and NO 3 À , expressed as nitrogen), NH 4 is the measured reduced nitrogen (i.e., airborne NH 4 is the aerosol NH 4 + , expressed as nitrogen), N is the sum of measured oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen, expressed as nitrogen, and S is the measured oxidized sulfur (i.e., airborne S is the sum of airborne SO 2 and SO 4 2À , expressed as sulfur). The atmospheric NH 3 concentration is not monitored in the current study. Similar patterns of seasonal and regional behavior are found consistently in both periods. In the east, atmospheric concentration, estimated deposition velocity, precipitation rate, inferred dry deposition, wet deposition, and total (dry plus wet) deposition estimates of each of the monitored chemical constituents display regular seasonal cycles of behavior. High and low seasonal values occur in summer and winter, respectively, for atmospheric concentration and dry deposition of SO 4 2À, NH 4 + , O 3 , HNO 3 , and N; for dry OxN deposition; for wet S and H + deposition; and for total OxN and N deposition. In contrast, high seasonal values of SO 2 concentration and dry deposition, and atmospheric NO 3 À concentration occur in winter. In the east, SO 2 composes a major portion (%70%) of the atmospheric S concentration and is the dominant (>85%) contributor to dry S deposition. Although aerosol NH 4 + represents a major portion of the measured atmospheric N concentration (%67%), HNO 3 dominates estimates of both dry OxN (>90%) and N (>75%) deposition. Dry deposition contributes %15%, 38%, and 43% to total deposition of NH 4 , OxN, and S, and these appear to be conservative estimates. Wet deposition is a major contributor to total deposition, generally peaking in summer or spring. Total S, OxN, and N deposition peak in summer. Although mean O 3 concentration is %70% larger in summer than winter, dry O 3 deposition estimates in the east are >5 times higher in summer. Within the uncertainty of current conservative estimates, dry deposition of SO 4 2À , HNO 3 , OxN, N, and O 3 appears to be highest at the high-elevation subset of sites. This underscores the potential importance of dry deposition as a stressor to high-elevation ecosystems in the eastern U.S.Citation: Sickles, J. E., II, and D. S. Shadwick (2007), Seasonal and regional air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States,

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Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and regional air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States

Sickles

Shadwick²

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Uncertainties in Vd, rather than concentration, limit accuracy of dry deposition estimates [ Hicks et al , 1991; Lovett and Lindberg , 1993]. Brook et al [1997] report the annual average variability of model‐estimated Vd at four nearby (0.5 km), but aerodynamically distinct, monitoring sites to be 10% for SO 2 and O 3 , 30% for SO 4 2− , and 40% for HNO 3 . Inferential model uncertainty has been estimated at 25% for O 3 , 30% for SO 2 and ≥40% for HNO 3 and particles [ Clarke et al , 1997].…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States: 1990–2004

Sickles¹,

Shadwick²

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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Data collected in the eastern United States (U.S.) between 1990 and 2004 at 34 dry and paired wet monitoring sites are examined. A goal is to evaluate the air quality impacts occurring between 1990 and 2004 resulting from legislatively mandated changes in emissions. Three 5‐year periods, 1990–1994 (P1), 1995–1999 (P2), and 2000–2004 (P3) are considered. Period‐to‐period changes in selected pollutant metrics are examined, focusing on P1‐to‐P3 changes. Data are composed from reported weekly measurements into estimates of means for year, site, and season. The mean squared error derived from analysis of variance applied to these means for atmospheric concentration, dry deposition velocity, precipitation rate, and dry, wet and total deposition is used to examine differences between periods for seasons and predefined regional groupings of sites. Results suggest that relationships exist at the current scale between changes in both concentration and deposition of relevant atmospheric pollutants and changes in SO2 emissions that are generally less than 1:1 and that these disparities are more pronounced for SO42− (a reaction product) than SO2 (the primary pollutant). Coincident timing and location suggest that legislatively mandated summertime reductions in estimated NOx emissions contributed strongly to observed reductions of atmospheric HNO3 concentration and dry deposition in the eastern U.S. Less than 1:1 relationships are also indicated at the current scale between changes in both concentration and deposition of the relevant measured secondary atmospheric pollutants, HNO3 and NO3−, and changes in NOx emissions. In the face of P1‐to‐P3 reductions in estimated emissions of both SO2 and NOx, wintertime changes in the sum of atmospheric SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ concentrations, relative to those for corresponding SO42− concentrations, range from reductions that are less than 1:1 to actual increases.

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“…Estimates of the relative magnitudes of gas to aerosol deposition velocities are about two to one for SO 2 and SO 4 2-and about ten to one for HNO 3 and NO 3 -. 10,14 Using this information and the studywide average concentration data from Table 2, SO 2 accounts for about 87% of the total dry sulfur deposition, and HNO 3 accounts for approximately 97% of the dry N deposition. During summer, when the SO 2 concentration is relatively low and the HNO 3 concentration is high, SO 2 accounts for approximately 72% of the total dry sulfur deposition, and HNO 3 accounts for approximately 99% of the total dry N deposition.…”

Section: Spatial and Seasonal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Summary of Airborne Concentrations of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutants in the Northeastern United States

Sickles

1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Estimation of dry deposition velocity using inferential models and site-specific meteorology—uncertainty due to siting of meteorological towers

Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Seasonal and regional air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States

Seasonal and regional air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States

Changes in air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States: 1990–2004

A Summary of Airborne Concentrations of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutants in the Northeastern United States

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