Estimation of Ebola’s spillover infection exposure in Sierra Leone based on sociodemographic and economic factors

Abstract

Zoonotic diseases spread through pathogens-infected animal carriers. In the case of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), evidence supports that the main carriers are fruit bats and non-human primates. Further, EVD spread is a multi-factorial problem that depends on sociodemographic and economic (SDE) factors. Here we inquire into this phenomenon and aim at determining, quantitatively, the Ebola spillover infection exposure map and try to link it to SDE factors. To that end, we designed and conducted a survey in Sierra Leone and implement a pipeline to analyze data using regression and machine learning techniques. Our methodology is able (1) to identify the features that are best predictors of an individual’s tendency to partake in behaviors that can expose them to Ebola infection, (2) to develop a predictive model about the spillover risk statistics that can be calibrated for different regions and future times, and (3) to compute a spillover exposure map for Sierra Leone. Our results and conclusions are relevant to identify the regions in Sierra Leone at risk of EVD spillover and, consequently, to design and implement policies for an effective deployment of resources (e.g., drug supplies) and other preventative measures (e.g., educational campaigns).

Role of Fluid Dynamics in Infectious Disease Transmission: Insights from COVID-19 and Other Pathogens

“…The distribution of pathogens via the raindrop effect on contaminated leaves involves interplay between the fluid dynamics of the raindrop, biophysical characteristics of the pathogen, and biomechanical properties of the leaf [205]. The rapid local movement of droplets as they impact leaves is influenced by various morphological and mechanical traits that determine the spread of contamination around plants [206]. Surface features such as roughness, venation pattern, and wetting properties of leaves play a critical role in defining local transmission dynamics.…”