Estimation of Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Transportation in Beef Cattle Production

Kannan, Narayanan; Saleh, A.A.M.; Osei, Edward

doi:10.3390/en9110960

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The modern food system will be far more localized, with shorter supply chains and local procurement, thus reducing the need for transportation. There will be a dramatic reduction in the shipping not just of livestock, 76 animal feed, pesticides, fertilizers, and other inputs, but of the end products as well. In fact, of the four trillion ton-miles of goods shipped in the US, at least 12% can be attributed to livestock.…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Food and Agriculture 2020-2030: The Second Domestication of Plants and Animals, the Disruption of the Cow, and the Collapse of Industrial Livestock Farming

Tubb¹,

Seba

2021

Industrial Biotechnology

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W e are on the cusp of the deepest, fastest, most consequential disruption in food and agricultural production since the first domestication of plants and animals ten thousand years ago. This is primarily a protein disruption driven by economics. The cost of proteins will be five times cheaper by 2030 and 10 times cheaper by 2035 than existing animal proteins, before ultimately approaching the cost of sugar. They will also be superior in every key attribute-more nutritious, healthier, better tasting, and more convenient, with almost unimaginable variety. This means that, by 2030, modern food products will be higher quality and cost less than half as much to produce as the animal-derived products they replace.The impact of this disruption on industrial animal farming will be profound. By 2030, the number of cows in the US will have fallen by 50% and the cattle farming industry will be all but bankrupt. All other livestock industries will suffer a similar fate, while the knock-on effects for crop farmers and businesses throughout the value chain will be severe. This is the result of rapid advances in precision biology that have allowed us to make huge strides in precision fermentation (PF), a process that allows us to program microorganisms to produce almost any complex organic molecule. These advances are now being combined with an entirely new model of production we call Food-as-Software, in which individual molecules engineered by scientists are uploaded to databasesmolecular cookbooks that food engineers anywhere in the world can use to design products in the same way that software developers design apps. This model ensures constant iteration so that products improve rapidly, with each version superior and cheaper than the last. It also ensures a production system that is completely decentralized and much more stable and resilient than industrial animal agriculture, with fermentation farms located in or close to towns and cities.This rapid improvement is in stark contrast to the industrial livestock production model, which has all but reached its limits in terms of scale, reach, and efficiency. As the most inefficient and economically vulnerable part of this system, cow products will be the first to feel the full force of modern food's disruptive power. Modern alternatives will be up to 100 times more land efficient, 10-25 times more feedstock efficient, 20 times more time efficient, and 10 times more water efficient. 1,2 They will also produce an order of magnitude less waste.Modern foods have already started disrupting the ground meat market, but once cost parity is reached, we believe in 2021-23, adoption will tip and accelerate exponentially. The disruption will play out in a number of ways and does not rely solely on the direct, one-for-one substitution of end products. In some markets, only a small percentage of the ingredients need to be replaced for an entire product to be disrupted. The whole of the cow milk industry, for example, will start to collapse once modern food technologies have replaced the p...

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Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Food and Agriculture 2020-2030: The Second Domestication of Plants and Animals, the Disruption of the Cow, and the Collapse of Industrial Livestock Farming

Tubb¹,

Seba

2021

Industrial Biotechnology

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“…A significant proportion of GHG emissions associated with animal production is linked to the transportation of the animals from farms to processing facilities, such as slaughterhouses. 173 These emissions could be reduced by decreasing supply chain distances or by using more efficient transportation methods, such as vehicles run on electricity or biofuels. Moreover, significant GHG emissions and pollution are linked to the processing facilities used to produce meat, eggs, and milk from livestock animals.…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a More Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Food Supply: A Roadmap for Future Food and Agricultural Research

McClements

2024

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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There is an urgent need to change the way we produce, distribute, and consume foods due to several adverse effects the modern food supply is having on the environment, including greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, freshwater use, land use, and biodiversity loss. Concerted efforts are therefore required by food scientists around the world to generate the scientific knowledge and technological advances needed to develop a more sustainable global food supply chain. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the most critical areas where research is needed to improve the sustainability and reduce the adverse environmental impact of food production. These areas include enhanced agricultural crops and livestock animals, improved fertilizers, pesticides, and antibiotics, reduced food and agricultural waste, conversion of waste streams into energy and valuable materials, alternative protein sources, and advanced food packaging materials, as well as many others. A range of advanced technologies is leading to important advances in many areas of food science and technology, including gene editing, nanotechnology, precision fermentation, biotechnology, and food architecture. An important objective of this article is to stimulate research and development in this important area so as to create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly global food supply system.

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“…Methods to reduce fuel consumption can be to improve the technology in vehicles, as Kannan et al [3] with considerable reductions in energy consumption by changing from conventional fuel to bio-fuel. Iodice and Senatore identified the local critical factors that most affect the pollutant emissions in 2-wheel vehicles [4] and proposed cleaner alternative fuels [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Efficient Driving in Professional Bus Fleets

et al. 2017

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Diesel engines of the vehicles in the transport sector are responsible for most of the CO 2 emissions into the environment. An alternative to reduce fuel consumption is to promote efficient driving techniques. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of efficient driving on fuel consumption in professional fleets. Data captured from the engine control unit (ECU) of the vehicles are complemented with external information from weather stations and context data from the transport companies. The paper proposes linear and quadratic models in order to quantify the impact of all the terms influencing energy consumption. The analysis was made from the traces captured from a passenger transport company in Spain with more than 50 bus routes. 20 vehicles of five different models were monitored and 58 drivers participated in the study. The results indicate that efficient driving has significant influence on fuel consumption, which confirms efficient driving as a valid and economical option for reducing consumption and therefore emissions of harmful particles into the atmosphere. According to the proposed model, in average external conditions, a driver that increases efficiency from 25% to 75% can reach savings in fuel consumption of up to 16 L/100 km in the analysed bus fleet, which is a significant improvement considering the long distances covered by professionals of the transport sector.

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Estimation of Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Transportation in Beef Cattle Production

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Rethinking Food and Agriculture 2020-2030: The Second Domestication of Plants and Animals, the Disruption of the Cow, and the Collapse of Industrial Livestock Farming

Rethinking Food and Agriculture 2020-2030: The Second Domestication of Plants and Animals, the Disruption of the Cow, and the Collapse of Industrial Livestock Farming

Designing a More Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Food Supply: A Roadmap for Future Food and Agricultural Research

Impact of Efficient Driving in Professional Bus Fleets

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