Estimation of energy savings potential through hydraulic balancing of heating systems in buildings

Identification of criteria for the selection of buildings with elevated energy saving potentials from hydraulic balancing-methodology and case study

“…This calls for future studies with larger sample sizes per age group, leading to more representative findings. Moreover, as found in previous studies (Cho et al, 2020), occupant behaviour, occupancy level and personal thermal preferences significantly influence the amount of energy savings. This highlights the needs for future studies that incorporate behavioural aspects.…”

“…For example, at the outdoor temperature of 0°C (Table 7) 5 , the control group keeps almost the same level of supply temperature in the 2016 and . OLS regression prediction of average hourly mean indoor air temperature and outdoor air temperature, for multifamily buildings in Geneva (Cho et al, 2020).…”

“…Figure7. OLS regression prediction of average hourly mean indoor air temperature and outdoor air temperature, for multifamily buildings in Geneva(Cho et al, 2020).…”

Experimental validation of a hybrid 1-D multi-node model of a hot water thermal energy storage tank

“…However, achieving this is not trivial as inlet flow rates and temperatures depend on the configuration and control of the thermal source and the thermal sink connected to the tank. A poor design and control of heating systems may lead to high return temperature levels [17], which may impact the operation of a tank. For further information, the interested reader is referred to [18,19], where different control strategies for the integration of TES tanks into heating systems are discussed.…”

What does a well-functioning heating system look like? Investigation of ten Danish buildings that utilize district heating efficiently

“…Tunzi et al [23], Benakopoulos et al [24] and Oevelen & Salenbien [25] showed that it is possible to reduce current heating system temperatures in existing buildings greatly, if the heating system supply temperatures are optimized. Several studies have shown how either improved heating system control and hydraulic balancing [26][27][28], improved operation of domestic hot water installations [29][30][31], or energy renovations [32][33][34] can lead to both energy savings and lowered heating system operational temperatures. Furthermore, typical malfunctions in building installations for district heating and ways of eliminating malfunctions to improve the operation of district heating systems have been addressed in several recent studies [35,36].…”