Estimation of Excess Mortality and Years of Life Lost to COVID-19 in Norway and Sweden between March and November 2020

Rypdal, Martin; Rypdal, Kristoffer; Løvsletten, Ola; Sørbye, Sigrunn Holbek; Ytterstad, Elinor; Bianchi, Filippo Maria

doi:10.3390/ijerph18083913

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A similar study in England and Wales showed that YLL increased by 15% during the COVID-19 pandemic and 1350.4 years/100,000 population/year YLL was reported due to COVID-19 ( 46 ). Similar YLLs due to COVID-19 were also reported in studies in the United States (1631.2 years/100.000 populations/year), Spain (664.6 years/100,000 populations/year), Italy (656.0 years/100,000 populations/year), Sweden (413.4 years/100,000 populations/year) during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 45 , 47 , 48 ). The excess in YLL is due to the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population—an ecological study

Pirayesh,

Riahi,

Bidokhti

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic resulted in excess mortality and changed the trends of causes of death worldwide. In this study, we investigate the all-cause and cause-specific deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) compared to the baseline (2018–2020), considering age groups, gender, place of residence, and place of death in south Khorasan, east of Iran.MethodsThe present ecological study was conducted using South Khorasan Province death certificate data during 2018–2022. The number of death and all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates (per 100,000 people) were calculated and compared based on age groups, place of residence, place of death, and gender before (2018–2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022). We also calculated total and cause-specific years of life lost (YLL) to death and gender-specific life expectancy at birth.ResultsA total of 7,766 deaths occurred from March 21, 2018, to March 20, 2020 (pre-pandemic) and 9,984 deaths from March 21, 2020, to March 20, 2022 (pandemic). The mean age at death increased by about 2 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality rate was significantly increased in the age groups 20 years and older. The most excess deaths were recorded in men, Aged more than 60 years, death at home, and the rural population. Mortality due to COVID-19 accounted for nearly 17% of deaths. The highest increase in mortality rate was observed due to endocrine and Cardiovascular diseases. Mortality rates due to the genitourinary system and Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period have decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The major causes of death during the pandemic were Cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, accidents, and endocrine diseases in both sexes, in rural and urban areas. Years of life lost (YLL) increased by nearly 15.0%, which was mostly due to COVID-19, life expectancy at birth has steadily declined from 2018 to202 for both genders (from 78.4 to 75).ConclusionIn this study, we found that All-cause mortality increased by 25.5% during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in men, older adult, Rural residents, and those who died at home (outside the hospital). Considering that the most common causes of death during the COVID-19 pandemic are also non-communicable diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to non-communicable diseases even during the pandemic of a serious infectious disease like COVID-19. The years of life lost also increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is necessary to pay attention to all age groups, especially the causes of death in young people. In most developing countries, the first cause of death of these groups is accidents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population—an ecological study

Pirayesh,

Riahi,

Bidokhti

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…The increase or decrease in mortality from one epiyear to the next, however, is only weakly related to how low or high mortality is in the epiyear. Rypdal et al [ 12 ] studied this.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High excess deaths in Sweden during the first wave of COVID-19: Policy deficiencies or ‘dry tinder’?

Rizzi

Søgaard

Vaupel

2021

Scand J Public Health

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Aims: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden registered a high level of excess deaths. Non-pharmaceutical interventions adopted by Sweden have been milder compared to those implemented in Denmark. Moreover, Sweden might have started the pandemic with a large proportion of vulnerable elderly with a high mortality risk. This study aimed to clarify whether excess mortality in Sweden can be explained by a large stock of ‘dry tinder’ instead of being attributed to faulty lockdown policies. Methods: We analysed weekly death counts in Sweden and Denmark from July 2007 to June 2020. We used a novel method for short-term mortality forecasting to estimate expected and excess deaths during the first COVID-19 wave in Sweden and Denmark. Results: In the first part of the epiyear 2019–2020, deaths were low in both Sweden and Denmark. In the absence of COVID-19, a relatively low level of death would be expected for the later part of the epiyear. The registered deaths were, however, way above the upper bound of the prediction interval in Sweden and within the range in Denmark. Conclusions: ‘Dry tinder’ can only account for a modest fraction of excess Swedish mortality. The risk of death during the first COVID-19 wave rose significantly for Swedish women aged >85 but only slightly for Danish women aged >85. The risk discrepancy seems more likely to result from differences between Sweden and Denmark in how care and housing for the elderly are organised, coupled with a less successful Swedish strategy of shielding the elderly.

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“…With respect to virus-preventing strategies, several researchers have reported that Sweden has differed from a large number of other settings, most importantly due to the absence of full stay-at-home orders or lockdown closures in Sweden ( Baral et al, 2020 ; Farina and Lavazza, 2020 ; Yarmol-Matusiak et al, 2021 ). A large difference in fatal COVID-19 cases has been seen between Sweden and neighbor Nordic countries with lower death rates ( Rypdal et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of COVID-19, compliance with recommendations against virus transmission, and attitudes towards vaccination in Sweden

Håkansson

Claesdotter

2022

Heliyon

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Following the immense impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and everyday lives world-wide, people’s fear of COVID-19 has been studied in a number of settings using the Fear of COVID scale. In Sweden, virus-preventing strategies have differed from comparable countries, with low use of formal lock-down procedures. It is crucial to study correlates of non-compliance with COVID-19 recommendations, and unwillingness to become vaccinated. This study aims to study whether fear of COVID is associated with mental distress and attitudes towards the pandemic, and to study correlates of non-compliance with key anti-COVID recommendations and with reluctancy to vaccination. This anonymous online survey study in web panel participants (N=1,501) aimed to study a range of behavioral changes during COVID-19. Recommendations and vaccinations reluctancy were analyzed in logistic regressions against socio-demographic data, COVID-19 status, and mental health history. Internal consistency of the Fear of COVID scale was calculated. The Fear of COVID scale had a satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach-alpha 0.84), and was significantly associated with compliance with all COVID-19 recommendations and with mental health. Non-compliance with recommendations was associated with low fear of disease and younger age, among other variables. Being against vaccination was associated, among other variables, with low fear of disease and with low education. In conclusion, the Fear of COVID scale appears to be associated with key attitudes towards the COVID-19 disease. Anti-virus strategies may need to promote compliance with recommendations in subgroups who feel low fear of disease or who believe not to be in a risk group for severe disease.

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Estimation of Excess Mortality and Years of Life Lost to COVID-19 in Norway and Sweden between March and November 2020

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population—an ecological study

Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population—an ecological study

High excess deaths in Sweden during the first wave of COVID-19: Policy deficiencies or ‘dry tinder’?

Fear of COVID-19, compliance with recommendations against virus transmission, and attitudes towards vaccination in Sweden

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