Estimation of exposure to food packaging materials. 3: Development of consumption factors and food-type distribution factors from data collected on Irish children

Duffy, Emeir M.; Hearty, Á. P.; McCarthy, S.; Gibney, Michael J.

doi:10.1080/02652030600865475

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, without data on individual intakes, it is not possible to identify and characterize high (and low) consumers, which is important to ensure that consumers with high intakes are protected. Duffy et al (2007) suggest using the upper percentiles of food intake to estimate exposure and stress the need to link the use of a particular type of food packaging to the consumption of a specific item of food. Franz (2005) discusses that statistical data on food consumption and packaging use can be used to estimate exposure more realistically.…”

Section: Current Knowledge Of Packaged Food Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of this food is in small portions and thus the food packaging-to-food mass ratio may be higher than the conventional 6 square decimetres (dm 2 ) of packaging used for plastic materials and articles per kg of food. In a study of 594 Irish children, ), Duffy, Hearty, Flynn et al (2006, and Duffy et al (2007) created the first database linking food consumption data (collected using a 7-day weighed food diary) with information on food packaging. This study included chemical characterization of food-contact materials but did not measure the surface area of the packaging in contact with the food.…”

Section: Why Children Are Potentially At Increased Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Packaged food intake by British children aged 0 to 6 years

Foster

Mathers

Adamson

2010

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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The European Union approach to assessing exposure to chemical migrants from plastic food-contact materials has been to assume an intake of 1 kg of food in contact with a particular material, per 60 kg person per day, which equates to 16.7 g kg(-1) body weight. A food packaging surface area-food mass ratio of 6 dm(2)/1 kg is assumed, equivalent to 0.1 dm(2) kg(-1) of body weight. Children might be at increased risk to exposure from migrants as they have higher intakes of food per kg body weight compared with adults. In addition, much of the food marketed for/to children is in small portions and therefore the food-contact material area-food mass ratio is relatively high. To determine if, and how, the European Union model might be modified to ensure specific protection against chemical migration into food marketed for children, data on 4-day food intakes of 297 children aged 0-6 years were collected including information on pack size, pack type and food-contact material area-food mass ratio. The 297 children consumed a total of 1646 kg of food and drink (including tap water), of which 978 kg (59%) was packaged with 67% of this packaged in plastics. Mean intakes of food packaged in plastic ranged from 27 g kg(-1) body weight (for the infants under 1 year) to 51 g kg(-1) body weight (for the 1-4-year-olds). This was higher than the 16.7 g kg(-1) body weight derived from the European Union convention. The mean area of packaging in contact with the food consumed daily per kg body weight were 0.65 dm(2) kg(-1) for the infants under 1 year, 0.81 dm(2) kg(-1) for the 1-4-year-olds, and 0.66 dm(2) kg(-1) for the 4-6-year-olds. All 297 children had intakes that exceeded 0.1 dm(2) of packaging per kg of body weight assumption.

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Section: Current Knowledge Of Packaged Food Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Children Are Potentially At Increased Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Packaged food intake by British children aged 0 to 6 years

Foster

Mathers

Adamson

2010

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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“…This approach saves time, economic and human resources. Many papers have already referred the importance of valid mathematical models to predict chemical migration from packaging into foodstuffs (Begley et al, 2005;Begley, 1997;Brandsch, Mercea, Tosa, & Piringer, 2002;Duffy, Hearty, Mccarthy, & Gibney, 2007;Hamdani, Feigenbaum, & Vergnaud, 1997;Petersen, Trier, & Fabech, 2005;Stoffers et al, 2005) and to estimate exposure to food-packaging migrants Vitrac, Challe, Leblanc, & Feigenbaum, 2007). Nevertheless there are still scarce data concerning the estimation of migration key parameters (diffusion coefficients and partition coefficients) in real foodstuffs, especially aqueous foodstuffs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Time-temperature study of the kinetics of migration of diphenylbutadiene from polyethylene films into aqueous foodstuffs

Sanches-Silva

Cruz

Franz

et al. 2008

Food Research International

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“…According to European regulations, it is usually considered that an average person has a body weight of kg and consumes 1 kg of food containing the substance daily in contact with a plastic FCM with 6 dm 2 packaging (European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2011). However, other studies have shown that actual food contact is likely in the range of 10-14 dm 2 (Bouma et al, 2003;Duffy et al, 2007;ILSI Europe Packaging Material Task Force, 1996), and in some cases even higher at 30-40 dm 2 (Bouma et al, 2003). However, paper and board FCM constitute only a limited fraction of 10-20% of the total used packaging materials (Duffy et al, 2007;FDA, 2007).…”

Section: Tentative Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, other studies have shown that actual food contact is likely in the range of 10-14 dm 2 (Bouma et al, 2003;Duffy et al, 2007;ILSI Europe Packaging Material Task Force, 1996), and in some cases even higher at 30-40 dm 2 (Bouma et al, 2003). However, paper and board FCM constitute only a limited fraction of 10-20% of the total used packaging materials (Duffy et al, 2007;FDA, 2007).…”

Section: Tentative Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prioritization before risk assessment: The viability of uncertain data on food contact materials

Pieke

Granby

Teste

et al. 2018

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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The shortage of data on non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) present in food contact material (FCM) limits the ability to ensure food safety. Recent strategies in analytical method development permit NIAS investigation by using chemical exploration, but this has not been sufficiently investigated in risk assessment context. Here, exploration is utilized and followed by risk prioritization on chemical compounds that can potentially migrate to food from two paperboard FCM samples. Concentration estimates from exploration are converted to tentative exposure assessment, while predicted chemical structures are assessed using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) models for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity. A selection of 60 chemical compounds from two FCMs is assessed by four risk assessors to classify compounds based on probable risk. For almost 60% of cases, the assessors classified compounds as either high priority or low priority. Unclassified compounds are due to disagreements between experts (18%) or due to a perceived lack of data (23%). Among the high priority substances are high-concentration compounds, benzophenone derivatives, and dyes. The low priority compounds contained e.g. oligomers from plasticizers and linear alkane amides. The classification scheme provides valuable information based on tentative data and is able to prioritize discovered chemical compounds for pending risk assessment.

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Estimation of exposure to food packaging materials. 3: Development of consumption factors and food-type distribution factors from data collected on Irish children

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Packaged food intake by British children aged 0 to 6 years

Packaged food intake by British children aged 0 to 6 years

Time-temperature study of the kinetics of migration of diphenylbutadiene from polyethylene films into aqueous foodstuffs

Prioritization before risk assessment: The viability of uncertain data on food contact materials

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