Estimation of fetal maturity by cytologic examination of amniotic fluid

Bishop, Edward H.; Corson, Stephen L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(68)90379-7

Cited by 43 publications

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“…BISHOP [2] has stated that the incidence of prematurity was 80-90%, if the fat cell count was less than 2%. Appearance of fetal epidermis cells äs well äs the flaking of vernix caseosa into the amniotic fluid occur at the same time [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of fetal maturity by amnioscopy

Zabkar¹

1975

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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One of the most important preventive measures in obstetrics is the termination of pregnancy at the right time. It is difficult to define some important features of fetal maturity in high-risk infants because of the preventive early termination of pregnancy. Laboratory procedufes [3] by which the fetal maturity is evaluated determine the functional maturity of separate organs, or they are able to estimate the completed development of the fetus. By combining several methods [7] one can approach very closely to the real maturity, while any single method shows considerable errors. During routine amnioscopies milky amniotic fluid has frequently been observed immediately before the spontaneous delivery of mature infants. A striking fact was that the delivery began spontaneously with the appearance of milky amniotic fluid although the cervix was not yet ripe. It has been observed further that although the cervix was ripe the delivery did not begin spontaneously if the amniotic fluid was clear. In our hospital, nearly 2500 women have given birth in recent years. Approximately one half of these women have been followed with amnioscopy. Amnioscopy in the non-risk-group is usually started at term, but amnioscopy in the risk group is, of course, started earlier.l Material and methods By amnioscopy [9] the quality of the amniotic fluid proper äs well äs the quantity of vernix Curriculum vitae ]oiE ZABKAR, M. D. y born in 1938 at Krusevac, Yugoslavia. Graduated äs Doctor of Medicine at The School of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, in 1962. From 1966 to 1971 , he speciali^ed in gynecology and obstetrics in Kranj and Ljubljana. Since then, and expecially öfter 1971, he has taken special interest in perinatal medicine. Since 1974, he has been working with Professor SALING in Berlin on a sholarship from the Health Senator of Berlin.caseosa are determined. The amniotic fluid proper is divided into 4 groups: 1. Clear amniotic fluid [9]: Amniotic fluid is water-like clear. No particles of vernix are observed. 2. Clear to milky amniotic fluid: Transparency of amniotic fluid is reduced in its wider layer and one can observe smaller particles of vernix. 3. Milky to clear amniotic fluid: In its wider layer the amniotic fluid is milky, but in its thinner layer it is still clear. Larger flocks of vernix can be observed. 4. Milky amniotic fluid [9]: The amniotic fluid is of pure milky color, consisting of large flocks of vernix. The presenting part of the fetus can be seen only by pressing the amnioscope against it. J. Perinat. Med. 3 (1975) Brought to you by | University of Arizona Authenticated Download Date | 5/27/15 4:35 PM A --n-i were performed in these women. Amniotic fluids 1169 newborns 1960 were collected and they were divided, according to the definition mentionwere then classified, according to duration of ed above, into 4 groups. According to the time J. Pcrinat. Med. 3 (1975) Brought to you by | University of Arizona Authenticated Download Date | 5/27/15 4:35 PM

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of fetal maturity by amnioscopy

Zabkar¹

1975

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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“…IN the absence of a reliaqe menstrual history there is no accurate alte native method of predicting the expected date 5 f confinement. The limitations associated with the clinical estimation of uterine size (Beazley and Underhill, 1970), amniotic fluid investigations (Bishop and Corson, 1968;Foulds and Pennock, 1972), radiology (Murdoch and Cope, 1957;Scott and Usher, 1964;Dee et al, 1966) and biparietal cephalometry (Campbell, 1969) are well known. Robinson (1973) suggested that the ultrasonic measurement of the fetal crown-rump length (CRL) might be employed to estimate gestational age and Drumm et a1 (1976) demonstrated a highly significant correlation between the CRL and the date of ovulation and postulated that the measurement could be used to predict the date of delivery accurately.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Prediction of Delivery Date by Ultrasonic Measurement of Fetal Crown‐rump Length

Drumm

1977

BJOG

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Summary The ultrasonic measurement of the fetal crown‐rump length (CRL) in early pregnancy was utilized to predict the date of delivery in 220 patients with reliable menstrual histories and in 186 patients with unreliable menstrual dates who began labour spontaneously. Ninety‐five per cent and 96·2 per cent respectively were delivered within 12 days of the predicted date. The CRL was found to be better than biparietal diameter measurements (p<0·001) and as good as a reliable menstrual history (p<0·5) in predicting the time of spontaneous onset of labour.

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“…Differential cell counts of liquor have been described to estimate gestational age (Bishop and Corson, 1968;Mandelbaum and Evans, 1969;Husain and Sinclair, 1971) but the method is less accurate if foetal sex is not simultaneously determined. Thus Bennett et al (1972) noted that at 32 weeks female infants were assigned a gestational age in advance of the known duration of pregnancy by three weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of techniques for determining prenatal sex from liquor amnii

Lewis

Chapman

1974

J Clin Pathol

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arise from the foetal mouth and urinary system and were therefore common to both male and female foetuses. Bennett, Morris, and Davey (1972) also found that the colour characteristics of foetal cells desquamated into the liquor amnii and stained by the Shorr method could be used to predict sex. Occasional discrepancies, however, were noted with this method.In an attempt to increase the accuracy of prenatal sex determination two methods were employed and the foetal sex was independently predicted.One method compared the number of cyanophilic cells with eosinophilic cells and the other the proportion of anucleate/pyknotic squames to intermediate squames. The results of the two methods were compared and it was found that a rapid prenatal diagnosis of foetal sex could be made with 100% accuracy. Materials and MethodsSamples of liquor amnii were collected from 66

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Estimation of fetal maturity by cytologic examination of amniotic fluid

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of fetal maturity by amnioscopy

Evaluation of fetal maturity by amnioscopy

The Prediction of Delivery Date by Ultrasonic Measurement of Fetal Crown‐rump Length

A comparison of techniques for determining prenatal sex from liquor amnii

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