Estimation of Fine Particulate Transport in Streams Using Pollen as a Seston Analog

Miller, Jim J.; Georgian, Ted

doi:10.2307/1467383

Cited by 39 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Briefly, if a fully mixed water column is bounded on the bottom by a laminar or nonmixing layer, through which particles settle at the fall velocity, vfa,,, the two variables, v,,, and vdcp, should be equal. Reynolds et al (1990) observed that the deposition velocity of Lycopodium spores in laboratory flumes was -5O-60% of vfa,, over a range of water depths and velocities, and Miller and Georgian ( 1992) found that vdep for corn pollen ranged from 80 to 110% of fall velocity in a second-order New York stream. Graham (1990) reported that the rate of accumulation of fine sediments in river epilithon ranged from 58 to 186% of that predicted from fall velocity and suspended sediment concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport dynamics of fine particulate organic matter in two Idaho streams

1993

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Natural suspended fine particulate organic matter (FPOM, was labeled with 14C and reinjected to estimate transport distances in the water column and retention times within the sediments of two Idaho streams. Transport of labeled FPOM particles declined exponentially with downstream distance. yielding mean transport distances of 800 and 580 m in Smiley Creek in 1989 and 1990 at a mean water velocity of 0.27 m ss' and mean depth of 0.34 m in both years, and a distance of 630 m in the upper Salmon River at a mean velocity of 0.29 m s ' and a depth of 0.14 m. These travel distances are equivalent to vertical deposition velocities of 0.7-l .6 mm s I, or -7-12% of the temperature-corrected quiescent-water fall velocities of the FPOM particles. The estimated deposition flux of -1.5 g (AFDM) m 1 d ' would turn over the standing stock of 0.8 g m 1 in surficial sediments twice daily.Sampling of benthic FPOM 24 h after release indicated that -99% of the 14C-labeled FPOM initially deposited in the 1,005-m study reach had been resuspended and exported; subsequent clearing was much slower. An advection-dispersion model satisfactorily simulated the deposition of 14C-labeled particles and their subsequent resuspension and export from the reach. Model-estimated retention times were 1.5-3 h for 99% of deposited sediments and 17 d for the remaining 1%.Thus, particles in surficial sediments exchange rapidly with the water column and migrate downstream several kilometers per day in alternating deposition and resuspension events. These results support the overall concept that conditions throughout a river system are strongly connected longitudinally and that OM introduced in headwater reaches can be transported large distances for later use or storage elsewhere in the river or for eventual export to estuaries. AcknowledgmentsThis work was performed under NSF grant BSR 88-178 19. Many people contributed to the successful labor-intensive field studies; they include Douglas Andrews, M. Arunachalam, James Check, Paul Dey, Peter Koetsier, Deron Lawrence, Michael McIntyre, Janet Mihuc, Tim Mihuc, Judy Minshall, Susannah Minshall, Dan Misner, Gregory Mladenka, Bruce Olenick, Christopher Robinson, George Watters, and the students and associates of the Community School in Ketchum, Idaho. Special recognition is due to C. Robinson for implementing field activities, G. Mladenka for developing dye and particle delivery systems, D. Lawrence for determining rhodamine, and M. Arunachalam and P. Dey for characterizing FPOM and determining respiratory loss of radioactive label. Don Edwards performed the labeling of the FPOM and radioanalyses of the transport samples. Benthic radioanalyses were done by IT Analytical Services. Kathy Lahala did the SEM photography. The manuscript was improved by the comments of the reviewers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport dynamics of fine particulate organic matter in two Idaho streams

1993

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“…These values are equivalent to downstream transport distances, S P , of 5.8-667 m, where S P equals the inverse of the longitudinal loss rate (S P ϭ 1/k P ). Miller and Georgian (1992) observed k P values of 0.52-0.82% m Ϫ1 for corn pollen, and Webster et al (1999) determined losses of 0.7-25% m Ϫ1 for corn pollen and 3.6-50% m Ϫ1 for glass beads. Hall et al (1996) observed loss rates of 1.2-1.3% m Ϫ1 for bacteria and suggested that filter-feeders were responsible for just over 6% of bacterial deposition.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Recently, studies of POM transport and deposition have been conducted using experimental additions of radioactively labeled natural detritus (Cushing et al 1993;Minshall et al 2000;Thomas et al in press), seston analogs (Miller and Georgian 1992;Webster et al 1999), and fluorescently labeled bacteria (Hall et al 1996). Cushing et al (1993) and Minshall et al (2000) observed total instream loss rates ranging from 0.15 to 17.14% per longitudinal meter for POM between 52 and 106 m in size.…”

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The influence of filter‐feeding benthic macroinvertebrates on the transport and deposition of particulate organic matter and diatoms in two streams

Monaghan

Thomas

Minshall

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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The transport and deposition of particulate organic matter (POM) in streams has received much attention in recent years. As with many ecosystem processes, determining the relative importance of physical and biological mechanisms for POM removal (e.g., sedimentation and filter-feeding) remains an important task. We examined the influence of benthic filter-feeding Hydropsyche and Simuliidae on downstream transport distance (S P ) and deposition rate (v dep ) of POM in two streams. We conducted five field experiments using radiolabeled ( 14 C) natural detritus and living diatoms (Asterionella) to measure longitudinal loss (k P m Ϫ1 ϭ 1/S P ) before and after complete removal of filter-feeding benthic macroinvertebrates. k P decreased following filter-feeder removal in each experiment, although meta-analysis indicated no consistent nonzero effect. However, the changes in k P were within the range to be expected from previously published rates of capture by the filter-feeders, indicating limited statistical power. We also examined uptake of radiolabeled POM by filter-feeders in three of the experiments. Simuliidae radioactivity increased significantly during two of the three releases of POM, although uptake accounted for up to 11% of wholestream POM deposition. Our results suggest that transported POM and diatoms are deposited from the water column rapidly and that mechanisms other than filter-feeding by invertebrates are responsible for most of the transfer of POM from the water column to the sediments of streams.Capture and ingestion of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) by benthic filter-feeders is one pathway through which carbon and nutrients are transferred from the water column to the sediments, resulting in their retention, utilization, and cycling (Wallace et al.

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“…Studies that have directly measured FPOM transport have relied on a number of different techniques using 14 C-labeled seston and ground leaves or FPOM analogs such as fluorescently labeled bacteria, corn pollen, fluorescently labeled Lycopodium spores, and dye , Jones and Smock 1991, Miller and Georgian 1992, Cushing et al 1993, Hall et al 1996, Wotton et al 1996, Miller et al 1998, Minshall et al 2000, Wanner and Pusch 2000. These studies directly measured transport of seston, but there are some drawbacks to use of these techniques.…”

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Particle transport and transient storage along a stream-size gradient in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

Paul

Hall

2002

Journal of the North American Benthological Society

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Abstract. The transport and deposition of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) is an important flux linking upstream and downstream reaches of stream ecosystems. However, few studies have attempted to identify physical controls on particle transport. One reason has been the lack of relatively simple, inexpensive methods. We describe a new technique for measuring fine particle transport in streams using fluoresently labeled yeast as FPOM analogs. We used steady state injections of yeast and a conservative tracer (Cl) in 6 reaches along a stream continuum at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest to explore the relationship between hydrologic properties of stream reaches and particle transport. The yeast technique is relatively easy and inexpensive, and measures of fine particle transport derived from this approach were comparable to those obtained for natural seston and other seston analogs in similarly sized streams. The transport distance of yeast particles (S p ) increased along the stream continuum. S p was negatively correlated with relative transient storage (k 1 /k 2 ) and positively correlated with hydrologic exchange rates of the main channel (k 1 ) and transient storage (k 2 ). The depositional velocity of yeast (v dep ), which normalizes average transport distances for stream velocity and depth, showed no trend along the continuum and was not related to k 1 , k 2 , or k 1 /k 2 . Together, these results suggest that velocity and depth were the most important factors in determining differences in particle transport along the continuum.

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Estimation of Fine Particulate Transport in Streams Using Pollen as a Seston Analog

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Transport dynamics of fine particulate organic matter in two Idaho streams

Transport dynamics of fine particulate organic matter in two Idaho streams

The influence of filter‐feeding benthic macroinvertebrates on the transport and deposition of particulate organic matter and diatoms in two streams

Particle transport and transient storage along a stream-size gradient in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

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