Estimation of genetic diversity in sorghum genotypes of Pakistan

Abstract

Livestock and poultry production is increasing steadily in Pakistan but the production of poultry feed, cattle feed and fodder is not increasing at the same rate, and Pakistan is now facing a shortage of quality fodder and poultry feed. Sorghum is a good alternative to meet the growing fodder and poultry feed requirements. The major barrier in enhancing sorghum production is the lack of sufficient information on the genetic diversity of sorghum genotypes in Pakistan. In this study 30 sorghum genotypes from the gene pool maintained by the Maize and Millet Research Institute, Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan were sown in 2015 in a randomised complete block design. Morphological data such as days to 50 % anthesis, plant height, flag leaf area, brix percentage, panicle length, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were recorded. Data were evaluated for statistical significance using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. A highly significant variation was observed among the genotypes. The percentage coefficient of variation in all traits was less than 10 %, which showed that uncontrolled variation was highly unlikely. A close correlation was seen between flag leaf area and grain yield, days to 50 % anthesis and 1000 grain weight, and between panicle length and brix value. Flag leaf area, grain yield and 1000 grain weight indicated the least contribution to the total genetic diversity. The contribution of PC1, PC2 and PC3 was 64.5 % of total variation. According to PCA and cluster analysis genotype YS-9 was important for the character days to 50 % anthesis; genotype YS-22 for grain yield and flag leaf area; genotype YS-27 for plant height; genotype YS-10 and genotype YS-7 for panicle length; and genotype YS-12 for brix value.

Stability and Adaptability of Sorghum Hybrids Elucidated With Genotype–environment Interaction Biplots

“…The grain yield was observed in a range of 2858.34 Kg ha -1 to 5266.33 Kg ha -1 . These results are similar with the findings of Rakhsit et al (2012) in India (2180 Kg ha -1 to 4234 Kg ha -1 ) and Mumtaz et al (2018) in Pakistan (2562 Kg ha -1 to 5190 Kg ha -1 ). Hybrid 1 (Lasani) showed the highest grain yield, followed by hybrid 9 (YSH-95).…”

“…The livestock sector is increasing in Pakistan, and grew from 191.3 Million in 2016-2017to 196.5% Million in 2017-2018 Similarly, chicken production also increased from 32.67 Million in 2016-2017to 32.91 Million in 2017-2018. The availability of fodder and feed seed was 61140 metric tons, of which 13400 metric tons were imported in 2017-2018, at considerable expense.…”

Evaluation of genetic variability for major agro-morphological and stalk sugar traits in African sorghum genotypes

“…The first two PCs PC1 (38.01%) and PC2 (11.47%) accounted for a total of 49.47% of the total variation. This is similar to the work of Mumtaz et al [ 42 ], who reported the first two PCs of 47.88%, furthermore, Hamidou et al [ 43 ]; Andiku et al [ 27 ] reported a slightly lower value for the first two PCs of 40.72%, and 42%, respectively. The number of leaves, number of nodes, plant height, stem width, length of leaves, number of days to flowering, and length of the inflorescence are the major contributors to the variation explained by the first principal component.…”

Evaluation of Genetic Divergence among Barley Genotypes Based on Agro-Morphological Characters

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) simplifies the complex data by transforming the number of correlated variables into a smaller number of variables called principal components [21]. PCA is interpreted based on the correlations among variables: the further the number from zero in either direction, the greater the positive or negative correlation [22]. PCA provides variable independence and balanced weighting of traits, which leads to an effective contribution of different characters based on respective variation [23].…”