Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Maturity and Grain Yield in Diallel Crosses of Five Wheat Cultivars Using Two Different Models

Abstract

Wheat maturity is important for its adaptability to different environments and geographical regions. In order to obtain genetic information for maturity and grain yield, five wheat cultivars of Cross adl, Marvdasht, Chamran, Shiraz and Darab2 were crossed for producing one-way diallel crosses that were analyzed using two models of Griffing (1956) and Jinks and Hayman (1953). Parents and their F 2 progenies were cultivated at two locations of Shiraz and Zarghan, Iran, in 2010-2011. The traits of interest were days to heading (DDH) and maturity (DDM), grain filling duration (GFD), grain yield per plant (GY) and plant height (PH). Genotype × location interaction was significant for PH and GFD but there was no interaction for DDH, DDM and GY. The variances due to general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were significant for all the traits. Therefore, both additive and non-additive genetic components were not equally involved in genetic control of the characters studied. The GCA × location interaction was only significant for PH and GFD, an indication for the effects of environment on additive components. The Baker (1978) ratio for DDH (0.90 and 0.91 at Zarghan and Shiraz locations respectively), DDM (0.81 and 0.82) and GY (0.89 and 0.87) under both locations and for PH (0.88) at Shiraz showed the higher importance of additive variances in the genetic control of these traits. The GCA estimates revealed that Chamran for dwarfness, early heading and maturity and GFD, Darab2 for dwarfness, early heading and maturity, Marvdasht for GFD and GY were the best combiners. Graphical analysis and the average degree of dominance (less than 1) showed that gene action for all the traits was of partial dominance type.

Heterotic Performance and Inbreeding Depression for Yield and Component Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.Thell.)

“…Correspondingly, the differences among the parents vs generations were significant for all studied characters revealed the presence of heterosis. The similar results were observed for different characters by earlier researchers such as Kamaluddin et al [7], Pancholi et al [8], Zare-Kohan and Heidari [9], Singh et al [10] and Nageshwar et al [11].…”

Combining Ability Estimates for Yield and Fiber Quality Parameters in Gossypium Hirsutum L. Hybrids

“…MA El-Hennawy. ; M Zare-kohan and Bahram Heidari suggested [9,16] for all the traits except seed cotton yield and bolls per plant influenced additive type of variance.…”

Identification of a Wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica 7Ns Ditelosomic Addition Line Conferring Early Maturation by Cytological Analysis and Newly Developed Molecular and FISH Markers

“…In recent years, breeding efforts have targeted increase in wheat yield potential to meet the growing food demand resulting from global population explosion, climate change, and reduction in arable land area ( Mondal et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2016 ). Certain adverse factors, such as Fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, and rust infection, high temperature, frost damage, excessive rainfall, and preharvest sprouting, are liable to occur during the mid to late wheat-growing season and comprise the primary causes of reduction in wheat yield and quality ( Iqbal et al, 2006 ; Mahdiyeh and Bahram, 2012 ; Sheehan and Bentley, 2020 ). Exploitation of new early maturation genes and the breeding of early maturing wheat cultivars are strategies proven to be effective against these emerging threats to agricultural production and are suitable for a double-cropping management system, in which earlier sowing of the following crop improves the probability of its success ( Hunger et al, 2014 ; Su et al, 2018 ).…”