The human brain is a highly connected network with complex patterns of correlated and anticorrelated activity. Analyzing functional connectivity matrices derived from neuroimaging data can provide insights into the organization of brain networks and their association with cognitive processes or disorders. Common approaches, such as thresholding or binarization, often disregard negative connections, which may result in the loss of critical information. This study introduces an adaptive random walk model for analyzing correlation-based brain networks that incorporates both positive and negative connections. The model calculates transition probabilities between brain regions as a function of their activities and connection strengths, dynamically updating probabilities based on the differences in node activity and connection strengths at each time step. Results show that the classical random walk approach, which considers the absolute value of connections, overestimates network integration and segregation while underestimating the mean first passage time (MFPT) compared to the proposed adaptive random walk model. The adaptive model captures a wide range of interactions and dynamics within the network, providing a more comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. The study suggests that considering both positive and negative connections, has the potential to offer valuable insights into the interregional coordination underlying various cognitive processes and behaviors.