Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate by Using Serum Cystatin C and Serum Creatinine Concentrations in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Beringer, Paul M.; Owens, Heather; Nguyen, Albert; Mordwinkin, Nick; Louie, Stan G.; Mak, May; Sattler, Fred R.

doi:10.1592/phco.30.10.1004

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Prior studies comparing various GFR-estimating equations to an exogenous indicator of GFR have shown that both eGFR SCR and eGFR CYSC are considerably biased (−10 to −29 mL/min/1.72 m 2 ) in HIV-infected persons (31). Moreover, Barraclough and colleagues demonstrated that cystatin C-based estimates of kidney function were less accurate than those based on serum creatinine, with 41% versus 89% falling within 30% of the measured GFR, respectively (31,32). These studies, however, consisted of no more the 30 participants, limiting their generalizability to the HIV-infected population at large.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Kidney Disease and Estimates of Kidney Function in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Estrella¹,

Parekh²,

Astor³

et al. 2011

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Cystatin C has been proposed as an alternative marker of kidney function among HIV-infected persons in whom serum creatinine is affected by extra-renal factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we compared estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) using serum creatinine versus cystatin C between 150 HIV-uninfected and 783 HIV-infected men. We evaluated the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and examined the influence of extra-renal factors on GFR-estimates among HIV-infected men. Results Estimated GFRSCR was similar by HIV serostatus, but eGFRCYSC was lower in HIV-infected men. A higher proportion of HIV-infected men were classified as having CKD when using eGFRCYSC versus eGFRSCR (7% vs. 5%, P<0.01). In HIV-infected individuals without CKD, eGFRSCR was higher than eGFRCYSC while it was lower than eGFRCYSC in persons with CKD. In HIV-infected men, older age, proteinuria, and prior clinical AIDS were inversely associated with both GFR-estimates. Higher serum albumin levels and ACE-inhibitor/ARB use were associated with lower eGFRSCR. HIV viral load, hepatitis C co-infection, and serum alkaline phosphatase were inversely associated with eGFRCYSC. Conclusion Among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected men of similar social risk behaviors, GFR estimates differed by biomarker and kidney function level. Estimated GFRCYSC classified a larger proportion of HIV-infected men with CKD compared to eGFRSCR. Differences between these GFR-estimating methods may be due to the effects of extra-renal factors on serum creatinine and cystatin C. Until GFR-estimating equations are validated among HIV-infected individuals, current GFR estimates based on these biomarkers should be interpreted with care in this patient population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Kidney Disease and Estimates of Kidney Function in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Estrella¹,

Parekh²,

Astor³

et al. 2011

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…15 While most laboratories use the MDRD equation to calculate eGFR, neither the MDRD nor the CKD-EPI have been well validated in Black patients with a broad spectrum of HIV severity. [16][17][18][19] Furthersearch question using the outcome of all-cause mortality as a surrogate for chronic kidney disease as CKD has been shown to be strongly associated with death [22][23][24][25] in a national registry of HIV-infected veterans. Specifically, we evaluated the impact of removing the race coefficient from the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations on comparisons between Black and White HIV-infected veterans related to: 1) the prevalence of reduced eGFR; 2) the distribution of eGFR values; and 3) the relationship between eGFR and all-cause mortality.…”

Section: Racial Disparities In Estimating Gfr -Anker Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Disparities in Creatinine-based Kidney Function Estimates Among HIV-infected Adults

Anker¹,

Scherzer²,

Peralta³

et al. 2016

Ethn Dis

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Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate whether current eGFR equations in clinical use might systematically overestimate the kidney function, and thus misclassify CKD status, of Black Americans with HIV. Specifically, we evaluated the impact of removing the race coefficient from the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations on comparisons between Black and White HIV-infected veterans related to: 1) the prevalence of reduced eGFR; 2) the distribution of eGFR values; and 3) the relationship between eGFR and all-cause mortality.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Setting: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) HIV Clinical Case Registry (CCR), which actively monitors all HIV-infected persons receiving care in the VA nationally.Patients/Participants: 21,905 treatmentnaïve HIV-infected veterans.Main Outcome Measures: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula with and without (MDRD-RCR) the race coefficient and allcause mortality.Results: Persons with eGFR <45 mL/ min/1.73m2 had a higher risk of death compared with those with eGFR >80 mL/ min/1.73m2 among both Blacks (HR=2.8, 95%CI: 2.4-3.3) and Whites (HR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.4-2.6), but the association appeared to be stronger in Blacks (P=.038, test for interaction). Blacks with eGFR 45- 60 mL/min/1.73m2 also had a higher risk of death (HR=1.7, 95%CI: 1.4-2.1) but Whites did not (HR=0.86, 95%CI: .67- 1.10; test for interaction: P<.0001). Racial differences were substantially attenuated when eGFR was re-calculated without the race coefficient.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that clinicians may want to consider estimating glomerular filtration rate without the race coefficient in Blacks with HIV. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):213-220; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.2.213

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“…This equilibrium is the basis for the calculation of the surface tension/surface energy components, and some models such as the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method (OWRK) (Owens and Wendt 1969;Kaelble 1970) distinguish a polar and a disperse fraction of the surface energy. The surface energy was calculated by exploiting the contact angle values (Cappelletti et al 2013).…”

Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of hydrophobic Si-based protective coatings in limiting mortar deterioration

Cappelletti

Fermo

Pino

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In order to avoid both natural and artificial stone decay, mainly due to the interaction with atmospheric pollutants (both gases such as NOx and SO2 and particulate matter), polymeric materials have been widely studied as protective coatings enable to limit the penetration of fluids into the bulk material. In the current work, an air hardening calcic lime mortar (ALM) and a natural hydraulic lime mortar (HLM) were used as substrates, and commercially available Si-based resins (Alpha®SI30 and Silres®BS16) were adopted as protective agents to give hydrophobicity features to the artificial stones. Surface properties of coatings and their performance as hydrophobic agents were studied using different techniques such as contact angle measurements, capillary absorption test, mercury intrusion porosimetry, surface free energy, colorimetric measurements and water vapour permeability tests. Finally, some exposure tests to UV radiation and to real polluted atmospheric environments (a city centre and an urban background site) were carried out during a wintertime period (when the concentrations of the main atmospheric pollutants are higher) in order to study the durability of the coating systems applied. The effectiveness of the two commercial resins in reducing salt formation (sulphate and nitrate), induced by the interaction of the mortars with the atmospheric pollutants, was demonstrated in the case of the HLM mortar. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.

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Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate by Using Serum Cystatin C and Serum Creatinine Concentrations in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Chronic Kidney Disease and Estimates of Kidney Function in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Chronic Kidney Disease and Estimates of Kidney Function in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Racial Disparities in Creatinine-based Kidney Function Estimates Among HIV-infected Adults

On the role of hydrophobic Si-based protective coatings in limiting mortar deterioration

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