Estimation of health and economic costs of air pollution over the Pearl River Delta region in China

Lu, Xingcheng; Yao, Tingting; Fung, Jimmy Chi Hung; Lin, Changqing

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.060

Cited by 125 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…82 Some of the most promising opportunities to strengthen emission controls across China’s transportation sector have been partially implemented at the municipal or national level, including stricter emission standards for new vehicles, improved fuel quality, license controls, driving restrictions, parking and congestion fees, and phasing out older vehicles. 48, 83 …”

Section: Future Of Healthy Transportation In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and public health in China: the road to a healthy future

et al. 2017

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Transportation-related risk factors are a major source of morbidity and mortality in China, where expansion of road networks and surges in personal vehicle ownership are having profound effects on public health. Road traffic injuries and fatalities have increased alongside motorized transport in China, and accident injury risk is aggravated by inadequate emergency response systems and trauma care. National air quality standards and emission control technologies are having a positive effect, yet persistent air pollution is increasingly attributable to a growing and outdated vehicle fleet, and famously congested roads. Urban design favors motorized transport, and physical activity and its associated health benefits are hindered by poor urban infrastructure. Transport emissions of greenhouse gases contribute substantially to regional and global climate change, which compound public health risks from multiple factors. Despite these complex challenges, technological advances and innovations in planning and policy stand to make China a leader in sustainable, healthy transportation.

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Section: Future Of Healthy Transportation In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and public health in China: the road to a healthy future

et al. 2017

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“…Ozone (O 3 ) is one of the most notorious ambient photochemical pollutants worldwide. High concentrations of this pollutant can adversely affect human health and cause substantial reductions in crop yields (Avnery et al 2011, Lu et al 2016. O 3 formation is influenced by the photochemical reactions of RO x (OH+HO 2 +RO 2 ) and NO x in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of heterogeneous HONO formation from aerosols and the regional photochemical impact of this HONO source

Wang

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Large missing daytime HONO sources have been reported by many previous studies around the world. Possible HONO sources include ground heterogeneous conversion, aerosol heterogeneous formation, soil emission, and photochemical production. In this study, a consistent 1D framework based on regional and 3D chemical transport models (CTMs) was used to analyze the unknown daytime HONO sources in 14 cases worldwide. We assume that the source of HONO from aerosols is through NO 2 hydrolysis (not including its oxidation products) and that non-local mixing effect is negligible. Assuming all the missing unknown HONO source is from the ground, it would imply a NO 2 -to-HONO ground heterogeneous conversion exceeding 100% in daytime, which is unphysical. In contrast, a strong R 2 reaching up to 0.92 is found between the unknown HONO sources and the products of aerosol wet surface area and short-wave radiation. Because the largest unknown daytime HONO sources are found in China due to high concentrations of aerosols and NO 2 , we derive an optimized NO 2 uptake coefficient on the basis of these measurements. The 3D CTM simulations suggest that in some regions of central, eastern, and southwestern (e.g. SiChuan province) China, the aerosol HONO source has the greatest effects on ozone (>10 ppbv) and OH (>200%) in winter. In January, the simulated particulate sulfate level over these three regions increases by 6-10 μg m −3 after including the aerosol-HONO source, which helps reduce the previous model underestimation of sulfate production in winter. Additional measurement studies that target the daytime HONO sources will be essential to a better understanding of the mechanisms and resulting effects on atmospheric oxidants.

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“…Different city-level studies accounting for health risk assessment attributed to PM 2.5 and PM 10 pollution have been carried out in China Zhang et al 2007Zhang et al , 2008Matus et al 2012;Tang et al 2014;Du and Li 2015;Jiang et al 2015;Zhao et al 2013;Lu et al 2016). Different city-level studies accounting for health risk assessment attributed to PM 2.5 and PM 10 pollution have been carried out in China Zhang et al 2007Zhang et al , 2008Matus et al 2012;Tang et al 2014;Du and Li 2015;Jiang et al 2015;Zhao et al 2013;Lu et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

Maji

Arora

Dikshit

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Particulate air pollution is becoming a serious public health concern in urban cities of China. Association of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and economic loss with air pollution-related health effects demand quantitative analysis for correctional measures in air quality. This study applies an epidemiology-based exposure-response function to obtain the quantitative estimate of health impact of particulate matter PM and PM across 190 cities of China during years 2014-2015. The annual average concentration of PM and PM is 57 ± 18 μg/m (ranging from 18 to 119 μg/m) and 97.7 ± 34.2 μg/m (ranging from 33.5 to 252.8 μg/m), respectively. Based on the present study, the total estimated annual premature mortality due to PM is 722,370 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 322,716-987,519], 79% of which accounts for adult cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The premature mortality in megacities is very high, such as Chongqing (25,162/year), Beijing (19,702/year), Shanghai (19,617/year), Tianjin (13,726/year), and Chengdu (12,356/year). PM pollution has caused 1,491,774 (95% CI = 972,770-1,960,303) premature deaths (age >30) in China. Further, 3,614,064 cases of chronic bronchitis (CB); 13,759,894 cases of asthma attack among all ages; 191,709 COPD-related hospital admission (HA) cases; 499,048 respiratory-related HA; 357,816 cerebrovascular HA; and 308,129 cardiovascular-related HA due to PM pollution have been estimated during 2014-2015. Chongqing, Beijing, Baoding, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang are the top five contributors to pollution-related mortality, accounting for 3.10, 2.71, 2.49, 2.20, and 2.02%, respectively, of the total deaths caused by PM pollution. The total DALYs associated with PM and PM pollution in China is 7.2 and 20.66 million in 2014-2015, and mortality and chronic bronchitis shared about 93.3% of the total DALYs for PM. During this period, the economic cost of health impact due to PM is approximately US$304,122 million, which accounts for about 2.94% of China's gross domestic product (GDP). Megacities are expected to contribute relatively more to the total costs. The present methodology could be used as a tool to help policy makers and pollution control board authorities, to further analyze costs and benefits of air pollution management programs in China.

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Estimation of health and economic costs of air pollution over the Pearl River Delta region in China

Cited by 125 publications

References 40 publications

Transport and public health in China: the road to a healthy future

Transport and public health in China: the road to a healthy future

Evidence of heterogeneous HONO formation from aerosols and the regional photochemical impact of this HONO source

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

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