Estimation of Heavy Metals in Some Indian Black Tea Leaves by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Associated Health Risks

Abstract

Background: Some of the heavy metals are considered beneficial, if intake of them is within permissible trace amount and some other are highly toxic even in trace amount. So, heavy metals intake is one of the major concerns. Heavy metals enter into body via air, water, food, clothing and some of them gets accumulate in body organs this leads to many disorders and causes life threatening diseases including cancer. All of our food comes from plants directly or indirectly. Tea the highly consuming beverage after water comes from the leaves of plant/shrub Camellia Sinensis. Methods: Aim of the present work is to determine the elements present in Tea brew (Chai, boiling the Tea leaves in water) made from black Tea leaves of major brands available in local Indian market, more specifically heavy metals Cobalt (Co), Arsenic (As), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Indium (In), mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb). Total eleven samples were investigated with the instrument Perkin Elmer NexIon-300x Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Result: Results have shown that Cobalt, Arsenic, Cadmium, Indium and Lead were present in all samples. Cobalt concentration varies from lowest 71.9 µg/kg to highest 214.3 µg/kg; Arsenic concentration varies from lowest 1.2 µg/kg to highest 53.7 µg/kg; Cadmium concentration varies from lowest 15.4 µg/kg to highest 75.03 µg/kg; Indium concentration varies from lowest 0.054 µg/kg to highest 0.70 µg/kg; Lead concentration varies from lowest 61.0 µg/kg to highest 2404.3 µg/kg. Mercury was present in two samples only in S9 and S11 with concentration 6.2 µg/kg and 1.4 µg/kg respectively; Out of eleven samples only seven samples have shown the presence of Silver its concentration varies from lowest 10.3 µg/kg to highest 193.0 µg/kg; Samples S2, S7, S8 and S10 were shown the absence of Silver and Mercury; Lead was found to be most abundant with concentration 2404.3 µg/kg and Indium was found to be least abundant with concentration 0.054 µg/kg.

Elemental Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Geophagic Clay (‘Eko’), From Ubiaja in Edo State, Nigeria

“…The concentration of Al in the studied geophagic clay was far higher than the PMTDI for Al in edible foods (Table 2). Aluminum (Al) toxicity has been reported in many literature (Owumi and Oyelere, 2015;Tiegoum, 2017;Rohilla et al, 2020;Choquenaira-Quispe et al, 2023). Some of the debilitating effects of exposure to high Al This result was similar to that of Owumi & Oyelere (2015), who reported a >10-fold increase in the concentration of Al in their studied clays when compared with the highest desirable levels set by WHO/FAO (2004).…”

Quantification of heavy metals and health risk assessment in Sichuan pickle

“…In the present study, ICP‐MS was employed for heavy metal quantification in pickle and pickle brine samples. Compared with abovementioned methods, ICP‐MS used in the present study is characterized by the advantages of high sensitivity, a pronounced multielement character, a wide linear range, and so forth (Balcaen et al., 2015) and has been widely used in the determination of heavy metals (Albals et al., 2021; Rohilla et al., 2021; Surucu, 2021). The parameters for quality control including linearity (correlation coefficient, R 2 ), LOD, RSD, and spike recovery were calculated and presented in Table S3.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Copper Titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12) Powder as a Brown-Coloured Inorganic Pigment with High Infra-Red Reflectance

“…15,26 Most of the brown pigments reported constitute costly rare Earth elements and may cause an adverse effect on health. 27 Whereas no health-related adverse issues have been reported for the oxides of Ca, Cu and Ti. Therefore, considering them safe and low costing, in this work, we have prepared an Inorganic CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 pigment powder and studied its UV/Vis/NIR reflectance properties for its application as a heat-reflecting pigment; Dielectric properties; brown color index by CIE L*a*b* color measurement; chemical stability by acid test and cooling performance.…”