Estimation of Idle Emissions from the On-Road Vehicles in Dhaka

Abstract

Vehicle emission is a major source of air pollution in Dhaka. Old fleet, lack of maintenance, improper traffic and parking management, overloading, fuel adulteration etc. are responsible for high emissions from the vehicle sector. In this study, vehicle emissions have been measured on-road in Dhaka using an Automotive Gas Analyzer and Smoke Opacity Meter to determine the existing vehicle emission scenario in the city. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in the emissions from CNG/gasoline vehicles, and opacity of the emissions from diesel vehicles were measured. The results were compared with the corresponding national limit values. It was found that all types of CNG vehicles performed very well with more than 80% satisfying the corresponding limit values. Private cars ranked at the top in performance among the CNG/gasoline vehicles. Diesel vehicles were found as the worst polluters in the vehicle sector; emissions from about 75% of the diesel vehicles had opacity more than 65 HSU, the national limit value for emissions from diesel vehicles. Motor cycles were also highly polluting; 60% of the motor cycles emitted CO and HC concentrations higher than the respective national emission limit values.

Characterization of Inhalable Ground-Level Ambient Particulate Matter in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

“…There is another study on Chattogram city and PM concentration was within standard level during April-October, but increased about three times higher than BNAAQS during the dry period [25]. There was also a similarity in relationship between PM concentration and seasonal characteristics in India, the average daily concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 15.16-536.5 µg/m 3 [26]. Eventually, it reveals the trend of PM 2.5 is increased over the years though it decreased in 2016 but again amplified from 2017 (Fig.…”

“…Air pollution is a major threat to health of human being, whereas almost 91 % of the world's population lives in most air polluted places in the world [1]. Particulate Matter (PM) especially fine particles (≤2.5 µm) which do not settle down and have the capability to remain suspended in air are eventually recognized as one of the major elements of air pollution [2][3][4]. Ambient PM 10 denotes the particleswith an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 µm and PM 2.5 denotes ≤2.5 µm.…”

A bibliometrics of air pollution studies in Bangladesh from 1995-2020

“…Air pollution has some primary sources (brickfields, cement industry, rock crushers, motor vehicles, and open burning) and secondary sources (road dust, airborne soil from agricultural fields, trans-boundary) [3,23]. Brick kilns and motor vehicles are the most responsible sources for air pollution in different cities, produced CO, SO2, NOX, O3, HC, PM, fluoride compounds [39,47]. Emissions from the brick kiln are the major contributors to air pollution in Dhaka especially in the dry seasons, while the contribution from emissions from metal smelters increases during rainy seasons [12,22].…”

Time Series Analysis PM<sub>2•5</sub> Concentration for Capital City Dhaka from 2016 to 2023

“…Just like growing population contributes to it, the affects in return harm the population. Out of 92000 early deaths resulted from exposure to contaminated air in Bangladesh, 13100 of the deceased population are from Dhaka City alone [9]. Other sources of PM apart from the previously discussed issues are sorption from grimy, unpaved streets, and refuse burning and destruction by slum dwellers.…”