Estimation of Indirect Effects in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding for the Mediator–Outcome Relationship in a Multilevel 2-1-1 Mediation Model

Talloen, Wouter; Moerkerke, Beatrijs; Loeys, Tom; Naeghel, Jessie De; Keer, Hilde Van; Vansteelandt, Stijn

doi:10.3102/1076998616636855

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It may be that unmeasured confounding variables are responsible for this unexpected finding. Indeed, between-dyads effects are more sensitive to potential confounders than within-dyads effects, and as such, the within-dyads effects may be interpreted with more certainty (see Talloen et al, 2016). Furthermore, our post hoc interpretations of between-dyads effects in terms of stable (or persistent) response styles and within-effects in terms of daily variation (or flexibility) in responding in parents are preliminary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating How Parental Instructions and Protective Responses Mediate the Relationship Between Parental Psychological Flexibility and Pain-Related Behavior in Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Daily Diary Study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundParental behavior can influence how well adolescents cope with chronic pain. Previous research has largely focused on how parents negatively impact adolescent functioning. Yet more recent work suggests that parents – and particularly parental psychological flexibility – can foster better adolescent pain-related functioning. In this study we examined if parental protective responses and instructions to engage in activities in the presence of pain mediate the impact of parental psychological flexibility and acceptance of adolescent pain on adolescents’ daily pain-related behavior.MethodFifty-six adolescents with chronic pain (Mage = 14.5 years, 86% girls) and one of their parents (93% mothers) were recruited at initial evaluation at two pediatric pain clinics in the US. Parents completed baseline questionnaires assessing psychologically flexible parenting and acceptance of adolescent pain. Next, parents and adolescents completed a 14-day self-report diary assessing adolescent activity-avoidance and activity-engagement in the presence of pain (adolescent report), and parental protective responses and instructions for their adolescent to engage in activities (parent report).ResultsPsychologically flexible parenting and acceptance of adolescent pain in parents were indirectly related to lower daily adolescent activity-avoidance, via their negative association with daily parental protective responses. Positive associations also emerged between baseline psychologically flexible parenting and overall levels of adolescent activity-engagement via its negative association with overall levels of parental protectiveness across the 14-day period. Psychologically flexible parenting and parental acceptance of adolescent pain were also indirectly related to daily decreases in adolescent activity-avoidance via their association with daily increases in parental activity-engagement instructions. These baseline parental resilience factors were also positively related to overall levels of parental engagement instructions, a route via which an indirect association with both higher overall activity-engagement as well as higher overall activity-avoidance in the adolescent was observed.ConclusionOur findings suggest an (indirect) adaptive role of parental psychological flexibility on adolescent daily pain-related behavior via its impact on parental protective behavior. If our findings replicate, they would suggest that these parental behaviors could be targeted in pain treatments that include both adolescents and their parents. Future research could further examine the impact of parental instructions on pain-related behavior in adolescents with chronic pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating How Parental Instructions and Protective Responses Mediate the Relationship Between Parental Psychological Flexibility and Pain-Related Behavior in Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Daily Diary Study

et al. 2019

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“…We utilize a cross-level mediation approach as described by Pituch and Stapleton (2011; 2012; also see Krull & MacKinnon, 2001; Talloen et al, 2016; VanderWeele, 2010), where unlike the cluster-level only mediation approach (see Preacher et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2009) a mediation process can flow through an individual-level mediator, if it is theoretically plausible that the individual-level outcome could be influenced by an individual-level mediator that reflects absolute scale value, not relative standing in a group. Our study satisfies these conditions as it is safe to assume that an employee’s personal LMX quality impacts employee cynicism and dedication, and further that it is the absolute level of LMX rather than relative position in the work-unit that is important.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Relationships Matter? Investigating the Link Between Supervisor and Subordinate Dedication and Cynicism via the Quality of Leader–Member Exchange

Mäkelä

Tanskanen

Cieri

2020

Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies

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Drawing on leader–member exchange and conservation of resources theories, we investigate the role of the quality of leader–member exchange in the relationships between supervisors’ and subordinates’ cynicism and dedication. Survey responses were collected from 104 supervisors and 971 subordinates nested within 104 work-units in five organizations in Finland. A multilevel structural equation model and cross-level mediation were utilized to test the hypotheses. The results show that the quality of leader–member exchange mediates the association between supervisor cynicism and subordinate cynicism and dedication. However, supervisor dedication does not appear to have an influence on leader–member exchange or subordinate cynicism and dedication. The findings related to the influence of supervisor cynicism on the cynicism and dedication of subordinates point toward the value of management interventions that directly address supervisor psychological well-being. Practical interventions might include training for supervisors and employees to enhance relationship-building skills, team-building activities, and leadership development. This empirical study is novel in its focus on how a supervisor’s cynicism and dedication may affect their relationships at work and how this, in turn, may have an effect on their subordinates.

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“…Extension of the no-confounder assumption to a multilevel single mediator model has been discussed in the literature (Bind et al, 2016; Talloen et al, 2016; Tofighi & Kelley, 2016) We discuss extension of the no omitted confounder assumption to the LGCMM in Figure 1. Given that the hypothesized LGCMM has a randomized intervention ( X ), the no omitted confounder assumption is satisfied if the following two assumptions hold.…”

Section: Causal Assumptions In Latent Growth Curve Mediation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) framework, Tofighi and Kelly (2016) proposed a post-hoc method to compute the omitted confounder effect on the point estimate of the indirect effect but did not offer a method to compute standard errors and CIs for adjusted indirect effects. Using the potential outcomes framework (Rubin, 1974, 1978), Talloen et al(2016) used fixed effect techniques (Allison, 2005) to remove the confounding bias at the Between level and thus relax the assumption of no omitted confounder at the Between level. The fixed effect technique cannot be applied to LGCMM in our study because the fixed-effect technique removes all the Between variability (McNeish & Kelley, 2018), which is the focus of our study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis of the No-Omitted Confounder Assumption in Latent Growth Curve Mediation Models

Tofighi¹,

Hsiao²,

Kruger³

et al. 2018

Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal

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Latent growth curve mediation models are increasingly used to assess mechanisms of behavior change. For latent growth mediation model, like any another mediation model, even with random treatment assignment, a critical but untestable assumption for valid and unbiased estimates of the indirect effects is that there should be no omitted variable that confounds indirect effects. One way to address this untestable assumption is to conduct sensitivity analysis to assess whether the inference about an indirect effect would change under varying degrees of confounding bias. We developed a sensitivity analysis technique for a latent growth curve mediation model. We compute the biasing effect of confounding on point and confidence interval estimates of the indirect effects in a structural equation modeling framework. We illustrate sensitivity plots to visualize the effects of confounding on each indirect effect and present an empirical example to illustrate the application of the sensitivity analysis.

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Estimation of Indirect Effects in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding for the Mediator–Outcome Relationship in a Multilevel 2-1-1 Mediation Model

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Investigating How Parental Instructions and Protective Responses Mediate the Relationship Between Parental Psychological Flexibility and Pain-Related Behavior in Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Daily Diary Study

Investigating How Parental Instructions and Protective Responses Mediate the Relationship Between Parental Psychological Flexibility and Pain-Related Behavior in Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Daily Diary Study

Do Relationships Matter? Investigating the Link Between Supervisor and Subordinate Dedication and Cynicism via the Quality of Leader–Member Exchange

Sensitivity Analysis of the No-Omitted Confounder Assumption in Latent Growth Curve Mediation Models

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