Estimation of Individual Glucose Reserves in High-Yielding Dairy Cows

Habel, Jonas; Chapoutot, Patrick; Koch, Christian; Sundrum, Albert

doi:10.3390/dairy3030033

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The concentrations of milk fat, milk true proteins, milk lactose, and ECM were similar in both diets. The milk parameters assessed in our study were within acceptable ranges in high-yielding dairy cows, as reported by Ben Meir et al ( 2021) and Habel et al (2022). Our results are also similar to the findings of Saylor et al (2018), who reported a tendency to increase milk protein yield and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) associated with a teff-based diet compared with a control diet.…”

Section: Milk Yield Composition and Efficiency Of Productionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effect of teff (Eragrostis tef) hay inclusion on feed intake, digestibility, and milk production in dairy cows

Wagali,

Ngomuo,

Kilama

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a drought-tolerant, multi-harvest, high-quality summer forage crop. We conducted a study aiming at assessing the effect of replacing wheat hay with teff hay in diets on the feed intake, digestibility, and lactational performance of dairy cows. Thirty-four multiparous (≥3rd parity) Israeli Holstein Friesian dairy cows averaging (± SD) 182 days in milk ± 8 days in milk, 45 kg/d ± 4.8 kg/d of milk yield, and a body weight of 647.1 kg ± 51 kg at the beginning of the study were recruited to a 6-week feeding trial. Cows were randomly divided into two balanced groups based on parity, days in milk, and milk yield. Cows were subjected to two low-roughage dietary treatments (~30% roughage): a control wheat hay-based diet and a teff hay-based diet. Production performances, dry matter intake, and nutrient digestibility were measured. Milk samples were analyzed for their composition and fatty acids profile. Blood samples were used to measure metabolite concentrations. The statistical model included fixed effects of dietary treatments, time, and random effects of cows nested in treatment. Production data and feed intake were analyzed as repeated measures using a covariance structure. Dietary treatments did not affect dry matter intake (26 kg/d). However, the teff-fed cows demonstrated higher crude protein digestibility than control cows (61.9% vs. 59.2%). Dietary teff inclusion increased milk yield by 1.5 kg/d. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids profiles in milk were greater in the teff cows than in the control cows (4.77 g/100 g vs. 4.36 g/100 g and 3.71 g/100 g vs. 3.43 g/100 g, respectively). Non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations in circulation were higher in the control group than in the teff group. The acetic-to-propionic-acid ratio in the rumen fluid was higher in control cows than in teff cows (2.90 vs. 2.43). However, the ruminal ammonia-N concentration was higher in the teff cows than in the control cows (18.5 mg/dL vs. 15.8 mg/dL). In conclusion, teff hay inclusion in the rations of high-producing dairy cows increased milk yield, which could be attributed to improved crude protein digestibility and energy partition to production.

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Section: Milk Yield Composition and Efficiency Of Productionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effect of teff (Eragrostis tef) hay inclusion on feed intake, digestibility, and milk production in dairy cows

Wagali,

Ngomuo,

Kilama

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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“…The main input variables for the calculation of GB were the individual daily milk yield, feed intake and body weight, and data on ration composition and chemical analyses of feedstuffs. Detailed explanations and equations for the calculation of glucose balance are reported elsewhere [ 26 ]. In brief, the calculations have a metabolic and a digestive part.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the amounts of glucose required for a specific inflammatory condition remain unknown under practical conditions, a methodology indicating the quantities of ‘residual’ glucose available to individual cows (which are expected to reflect a cow’s ability to respond to an inflammatory challenge) has been developed previously. The methodology is described in more detail elsewhere [ 26 ]. Briefly, it encompasses the estimation of the glucose demands of major glucose-consuming tissues (mammary gland, muscle, red blood cells, and the brain) as well as major sources of glucogenic supply (digestive and endogenous) from daily measurements of milk yield, body weight, and feed intake as well as the chemical composition of feedstuffs ingested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Cows Are Limited in Their Ability to Increase Glucose Availability for Immune Function during Disease

Habel

Sundrum

2023

Animals

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Shortages of energy and glucose have been hypothesized to play a key role in the development of and responses to production diseases in dairy cows during early lactation. Given the importance of glucose for immune functions, we used a recently established method for the estimation of glucose balance (GB) to evaluate glucose availability during disease phases. A dataset comprising ration analyses as well as individual daily milk yields (MY), dry matter intake (DMI), body weights, and health records of 417 lactations (298 cows) was used to calculate individual daily GB and energy balance (EB). The magnitude and dynamics of MY, DMI, GB, and EB were evaluated in the weeks before, at, and after diagnoses of inflammatory diseases in different stages of early lactation from week in milk 1 to 15. Diagnoses were categorized as mastitis, claw and leg diseases, and other inflammatory diseases. Mixed linear models with a random intercept and slope term for each lactation were used to evaluate the effect of diagnosis on MY, DMI, GB, and EB while accounting for the background effects of week in milk, parity, season, and year. When unaffected by disease, in general, the GB of cows was close to zero in the first weeks of lactation and increased as lactation progressed. Weekly means of EB were negative throughout all lactation stages investigated. Disease decreased both the input of glucose precursors due to a reduced DMI as well as the output of glucose via milk due to a reduced MY. On average, the decrease in DMI was −1.5 (−1.9 to −1.1) kg and was proportionally higher than the decrease in MY, which averaged −1.0 (−1.4 to −0.6) kg. Mastitis reduced yield less than claw and leg disease or other diseases. On average, GB and EB were reduced by −3.8 (−5.6 to −2.1) mol C and −7.5 (−10.2 to −4.9) MJ in the week of diagnosis. This indicates the need to investigate strategies to increase the availability of glucogenic carbon for immune function during disease in dairy cows.

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“…The large amount of non-esterified fatty acids absorbed by the liver exceeds its ability for oxidation and, as a result, encourages liver-related illnesses including fatty liver and ketosis. Additionally, early breastfeeding cows' livers experience metabolic stress due to high rates of hepatic gluconeogenesis, which produces glucose for lactose in the mammary gland [5,6]. In addition to this metabolic stress, early-lactating cows experience a variety of inflammatory challenges, including microbial components (lipopolysaccharides, or LPS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1b, and IL-6), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of infectious diseases like mastitis and endometritis, as well as subacute [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Focus on Core Genetic Factors That Regulate Hepatic Injury in Cattle Seems to Be Important for the Dairy Sector’s Long-Term Development

Mandal¹

2023

Veterinary Medicine and Science

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The cattle during the perinatal period, as well as malnutrition, generate oxidative stress which leads to high culling rates of calves after calving across the world. Although metabolic diseases have such a negative impact on the welfare and economic value of dairy cattle, that becomes a serious industrial concern across the world. According to research, genetic factors have a role or controlling fat deposition in the liver by influencing the biological processes of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, all of which contribute to hepatic damage. This review focuses on the critical regulatory mechanisms of VEGF, mTOR/AKT/p53, TNF-alpha, Nf-kb, interleukin, and antioxidants that regulate lipid peroxidation in the liver via direct or indirect pathways, suggesting that they could be a potential critical therapeutic target for hepatic disease.

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Estimation of Individual Glucose Reserves in High-Yielding Dairy Cows

Cited by 6 publications

References 113 publications

The effect of teff (Eragrostis tef) hay inclusion on feed intake, digestibility, and milk production in dairy cows

The effect of teff (Eragrostis tef) hay inclusion on feed intake, digestibility, and milk production in dairy cows

Dairy Cows Are Limited in Their Ability to Increase Glucose Availability for Immune Function during Disease

The Focus on Core Genetic Factors That Regulate Hepatic Injury in Cattle Seems to Be Important for the Dairy Sector’s Long-Term Development

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