Estimation of Indoor Physical Activity Level Based on Footstep Vibration Signal Measured by MEMS Accelerometer in Smart Home Environments

Smart home technologies that support independent living: challenges and opportunities for the building industry – a systematic mapping study

“…The installation process is described as labour-costly (Grauel and Spellerberg 2008;Lee et al 2009;Wagner et al 2013), potentially dangerous for the residents if present during the installation (Helal et al 2012), and usually taking short time (Jimenez et al 2013). Again, it is very difficult to find detailed information about adaptation of a home to AAL technologies, especially when it comes to retrofitting (Lansley et al 2004), which adds then the burden of numerous official administrative procedures (van Hoof et al 2010).…”

“…Acoustic environment is of substantial importance for the performance of automatic speech recognition technology (Moritz, Goetze, and Appell 2011). Ambient noise sources and reverberation strongly depend not only on the building environment (Villacorta et al 2011), such as home appliances (washing machine and refrigerator), but also on vehicles passing by the house (Lee et al 2009). Vacher et al (2010) carried out experiments concerning distress call recognition and sound classification at home and concluded on challenges when processing audio channels for AAL.…”

“…Intelligent floors (Lee et al 2009;Lauterbach et al 2012;Rowe et al 2009) have received substantial attention during the last decade for detecting fall, for providing gait monitoring, for location tracking, or for detecting presence and/or activity. They may be instrumented with accelerometers (Li 2013), piezoelectric sensors (Alwan 2009;Klack et al 2011;Leusmann et al 2011), (capacitive) pressure sensors (Olivier et al 2009;Helal et al 2012;Hoey et al 2011;Stefanov, Bien, and Bang 2004), micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) (Fernandez-Luque et al 2013;Helal et al 2012), or innovative sensors using the near-field imaging principle (reported in Leone, Diraco, and Siciliano 2013), but the solution of a ready-to-be-used pressure-sensitive textile layer (Hanson, Barth, and Silverman 2011;Lauterbach et al 2012), called a presence mat or pressure mat, has been popular since the last years .…”

“…They underlined that signals that cannot pass through walls are attractive for room-level localization and behaviour-monitoring applications. Lee, Park, and Helal (2009) also focused on indoor localization tools and compared the source, the information to be extracted, and the difficulty for seven different technologies. Dadlani et al (2010) faced the issue of false reading of a radio frequency-based presence detector due to irregular radio frequency field patterns generated within a building, while Biswas et al (2010) observed signal interference from other household electronics.…”

BOES: Building Occupancy Estimation System using sparse ambient vibration monitoring

“…[17][18][19][20] These works focus on characterization and detection of human footsteps, where our work instead focuses on localization and tracking based on these detected footsteps. Some works also suggest methods by which localization can be performed using footsteps; 19, 20 however, they only observed the possibility of using vibration sensing for localization.…”