Estimation of late Eocene (Bartonian–Priabonian) terrestrial palaeoclimate: Contributions from megafloral assemblages from central Germany

Moraweck, Karolin; Uhl, Dieter; Kunzmann, Lutz

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.05.023

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Palaeoclimate reconstructions based on central European megafloras reveal a sharp decline in continental cold month mean temperature (Mosbrugger et al, 2005) and mean annual temperature (Moraweck et al, 2015;Kvaček et al, 2014) in the late Eocene (Fig. 4b) which is consistent with the timing of the pCO 2 decline that we report here ( Fig.…”

Section: Comparison With Vegetation and Proxy Continental Climate Recsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary

Steinthorsdottir¹,

Porter²,

Holohan³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Abstract. A unique stratigraphic sequence of fossil leaves of Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis (extinct trees of the beech family, Fagaceae) from central Germany has been used to derive an atmospheric pCO2 record with multiple data points spanning the late middle to late Eocene, two sampling levels which may be earliest Oligocene, and two samples from later in the Oligocene. Using the inverse relationship between the density of stomata and pCO2, we show that pCO2 decreased continuously from the late middle to late Eocene, reaching a relatively stable low value before the end of the Eocene. Based on the subsequent records, pCO2 in parts of the Oligocene was similar to latest Eocene values. These results show that a decrease in pCO2 preceded the large shift in marine oxygen isotope records that characterizes the Eocene–Oliogocene transition. This may be related to the "hysteresis effect" previously proposed – where a certain threshold of pCO2 change was crossed before the cumulative effects of this and other factors resulted in rapid temperature decline, ice build up on Antarctica and hence a change of climate mode.

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Section: Comparison With Vegetation and Proxy Continental Climate Recsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary

Steinthorsdottir¹,

Porter²,

Holohan³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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“…(m) 3,654.50 m, well SDC2. Bosedinia , non‐marine dinoflagellate, lives in brackish to semi‐saline water (Moraweck, Uhl, & Kunzmann, ). (n) 3,652.50 m, well SDC2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mud dikes and sand dikes suggest frequent and intensive tectonic activities. A brackish to semi‐saline water column is indicated by the widespread Bosedinia (Figure m; Moraweck et al, ; Wang et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Algae and cyanobacteria dominant organic matter input is demonstrated by Type I Kerogen (Figure ), low main carbon value (n‐C 17 and n‐C 19 ), low Pr/Ph values (<1.2) are presented in the biomarkers (Figure a,c), and the estuarine or bay or lacustrine input without terrestrial is estimated by the carbon number distribution of C 27 to C 29 αα20R steranes (Figure b). (c) A saline or brackish water origin for Type B lake deposits in the Els2 strata is investigated by the Bosedinia , a subtype non‐marine Dinoflagellates in relatively saline or brackish water (Meng et al, ; Moraweck et al, ). In addition, the high gammacerane/hopane ratios from the Ewz2 and Els2 strata are presented by the biomarker data (Figure a,c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mud dikes and sand dikes suggest frequent and intensive tectonic activities. A brackish to semi-saline water column is indicated by the widespread Bosedinia (Figure 5m; Moraweck et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2008). Depositional environment interpretations Compared with Type A lake deposits in the Bailian Sag (Figure 4c), less content of conglomeratic sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, and mudstone in dark grey colour indicate a less terrigenous input and a deeper water deposit environment in Type B lake deposits (Figure 4f).…”

Section: Type Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lake‐type controls on sedimentary infill and petroleum source rocks in the Palaeogene Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China

et al. 2019

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The lacustrine Beibuwan Basin contained large petroleum reserves in the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea. Due to the great sedimentologic complexity of the lacustrine basins, a significant financial risk associated with exploration needed to be reduced by specific techniques or significantly increasing knowledge of the lake system. Sedimentary infill, sequence stratigraphy, and organic geochemistry of the Fushan Depression in the Beibuwan Basin were studied, and enhanced our comprehension of the genetic relations between the sediment + water supply rates (climate change) and potential accommodation (tectonic subsidence and inherited topography) change. Here, we report two different lake-type evolution cycles developed in two separated sags in the Fushan Depression, which are characterized by: (a) overfilled, (b) balanced-fill, (c) overfilled, (d) balanced-fill, and (e) overfilled in the Huangtong Sag, and (a) overfilled, (b) balanced-fill, and (c) overfilledin the Bailian Sag and the centre Huachang Transfer Zone. Climate change is the dominant factor in the first three phases of the lake-type evolution in both two sags, and transtensional tectonic setting is the controlling factor in the fourth and fifth phases of the lake-type evolution in the Huangtong Sag. The same lake-type with similar source rock and reservoir properties and observations indicate that these associations of source rock and reservoir play elements occur in a wide variety of tectonic settings. Moreover, the discovery of the cyclical process of the lake-type evolution in the Fushan Depression can be a reference in the study of other similar lacustrine basins under an analogous tectonic and climate background.

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Reconstructing leaf area from fragments: testing three methods using a fossil paleogene species

Toumoulin

Kunzmann

Moraweck

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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PREMISE Fossil leaf traits can enable reconstruction of ancient environments and climates. Among these, leaf size has been particularly studied because it reflects several climatic forcings (e.g., precipitation and surface temperature) and, potentially, environment characteristics (e.g., nutrient availability, local topography, and openness of vegetation). However, imperfect preservation and fragmentation can corrupt its utilization. We provide improved methodology to estimate leaf size from fossil fragments. METHODS We apply three methods: (1) visually reconstructing leaf area based on taxon‐specific gross morphology; (2) estimating intact leaf area from vein density based on a vein scaling relationship; and (3) a novel complementary method, determining intact leaf length based on the tapering of the midvein in the fragment. We test the three methods for fossils of extinct Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis (Fagaceae) from two lignite horizons of the middle and late Eocene of central Germany respectively (~45/46 and 35/36 Ma). RESULTS The three methods, including the new one, yield consistent leaf size reconstructions. The vein scaling method showed a shift to larger leaf size, from the middle to the late Eocene. CONCLUSIONS These methods constitute a toolbox with different solutions to reconstruct leaf size from fossil fragments depending on fossil preservation. Fossil leaf size reconstruction has great potential to improve physiognomy‐based paleoenvironmental reconstructions and the interpretation of the fossil record.

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Estimation of late Eocene (Bartonian–Priabonian) terrestrial palaeoclimate: Contributions from megafloral assemblages from central Germany

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary

Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary

Lake‐type controls on sedimentary infill and petroleum source rocks in the Palaeogene Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China

Reconstructing leaf area from fragments: testing three methods using a fossil paleogene species

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Estimation of late Eocene (Bartonian–Priabonian) terrestrial palaeoclimate: Contributions from megafloral assemblages from central Germany

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary

Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary

Lake‐type controls on sedimentary infill and petroleum source rocks in the Palaeogene Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China

Reconstructing leaf area from fragments: testing three methods using a fossil paleogene species

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Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary

Fossil plant stomata indicate decreasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> prior to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary