Estimation of magma depth for resurgent domes: An experimental approach

Damage and Strain Localization Around a Pressurized Shallow‐Level Magma Reservoir

“…Though the pressure source is not located at the surface, this undeformed wedge shares strong similarities with the well‐known Prandtl's wedge for shallow strip footings in geomechanics (see, e.g., Davis & Selvadurai, ). These results show that the final damage spatial distribution reproduces quite accurately the results of published geological field observations (see, e.g., Merle et al, ) and analog modeling (Acocella et al, ; Brothelande & Merle, ; Davison et al, ; Marti et al, ; Merle et al, ; Merle & Vendeville, ; Sanford, ): Resurgent domes are structures with reverse faulting on their external boundaries and internal normal faulting (see, e.g., Acocella et al, ; and, for a typical example, the Yenkahe complex; Brothelande, Peltier, et al, ; Merle et al, ). Field geological observations show that magmatic intrusions associated with resurgence are bordered by reverse faults (Fridrich et al, ), which can explain the abrupt transition between the flat caldera moat and the dipping layers of the dome flanks.…”

“…To understand the structural evolution leading to the building of such resurgent domes, analog experiments have been conducted (Acocella et al, , ; Brothelande & Merle, ; Galland et al, ; Marti et al, ; Merle & Vendeville, ; Sanford, ). The models revealed the presence of reverse faults limiting the dome, and the ones using elongated sources could reproduce the development of longitudinal grabens, as observed in natural domes (supporting information Figure S1).…”

Cryovolcanism on Ceres

“…3C) formation mechanism and geometry, which cannot be precisely determined at the resolution of the images and the digital terrain model. As a first order approximation, we consider the troughs as symmetric grabens, and adopt the relationship of (47). Symmetric graben formation is a consequence of fracturing and uplifting of a brittle layer by an upward intruding viscous fluid (47).…”

“…As a first order approximation, we consider the troughs as symmetric grabens, and adopt the relationship of (47). Symmetric graben formation is a consequence of fracturing and uplifting of a brittle layer by an upward intruding viscous fluid (47). The width of the graben has a linear correlation with the thickness of the brittle layer, the thickness to width ratio being 0.89 (47).…”

The scaling of experiments on volcanic systems

“…This mainly concerns experiments like the ascent of the magma within an edifice (our idealized example, e.g., Donnadieu and Merle, 1998), the formation of calderas (e.g., Komuro, 1987;Marti et al, 1994;Odonne et al, 1999;Acocella et al, 2000;Roche et al, 2000;Walter and Troll, 2001;Troll et al, 2002;Holohan et al, 2005;Geyer et al, 2006), volcano core-collapse and hydrothermal calderas (e.g., Van Wyk de Merle and Lénat, 2003;Cecchi et al, 2005;Merle et al, 2006Merle et al, , 2010 Barde-Cabusson and Merle, 2007), lava flows (e.g., Merle, 1998;Lescinsky and Merle, 2005), volcanic spreading (e.g., Merle and Borgia, 1996;Walter, 2003;Oehler et al, 2005;Walter et al, 2006;Delcamp et al, 2008;Platz et al, 2011;Byrne et al, 2013;Kervyn et al, 2014), volcanic domes (e.g., Merle, 2002, 2005;Galland, 2012), resurgent domes (e.g., Acocella et al, 2001;Galland et al, 2009;Marotta and de Vita, 2014;Brothelande and Merle, 2015), magmatic intrusions (e.g., Merle and Vendeville, 1995;Roman-Bierdel et al, 1995;Galland et al, 2009;Galerne et al, 2011), interaction between regional tectonics and volcano deformation (e.g., Tibaldi, 1995; van Wyk de Vries and Merle, , 1998…”