Estimation of magnetic levitation and lateral forces in MgB₂ superconducting bulks with various dimensional sizes using artificial intelligence techniques

Abstract

The advent of superconducting bulks, because of their compactness and performance, offers new perspectives and opportunities in many applications and sectors, such as magnetic field shielding, motors/generators, NMR/MRI, magnetic bearings, flywheel energy storage, Maglev trains, among others. The investigation and characterization of bulks typically relies on time-consuming and expensive experimental campaigns; hence the development of effective surrogate models would considerably speed up the research progress around them. In this study, we have first produced an experimental dataset with the levitation and lateral forces between different MgB2 bulks and one permanent magnet under different operating conditions. Next, we have exploited the dataset to develop surrogate models based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, namely Extremely Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine Regressor (SVR), and Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR). After the tuning of the hyperparameters of the AI models, the results demonstrated that SVR is the superior technique and can predict levitation and lateral forces with a worst-case accuracy scenario 99.86% in terms of goodness of fit to experimental data. Moreover, the response time of these models for prediction of new datapoints is ultra-fast.