Estimation of Microinhomogeneity of Conduction Impairment by Wavelet Analysis During Early Phase of Myocardial Ischemia in Pigs

Abstract

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is most frequent in the very early phase in acute coronary occlusion, and is triggered by the re-entrant mechanism in this phase. An inhomogeneous conduction in the ischemic myocardium would be substrates for re-entry. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the severity of irregularities of the QRS complex and VF. Eleven pigs were analyzed, and the heart was fixed in the pericardial cradle. Ag-AgCI bipolar electrodes were fixed on the epicardium in ischemic and non-ischemic regions. The proximal portion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for one hour. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were continuously recorded on a magnetic tape, and wavelet analysis was performed on signal-averaged ECG (25 beats) every 60 sec after the experiment. The number of local maxima (N) and the duration between the first and the last local maximum (D) were automatically measured. Nand D significantly increased in the ischemic area, but not in the non-ischemic area. Nand D increased approximately twofold just before the occurrence of VF in 8 fibrillated pigs (p < 0.01, each). There were significant positive linear relationships between the rate of increase in Nand D to VF and basal heart rate before coronary occlusion (r = 0.90, P < 0.01 in N, r = 0.84, P < 0.01 in D at 160 Hz). These results suggest that there would be a threshold inhomogeneous conduction for the occurrence of VF and an increase in heart rate would accelerate the inhomogeneous conduction in acute myocardial ischemia.