This brief analytical review prepared by I.G. Pospelov summarizes the achievements of a scientific school founded by Academician A.A. Petrov and developed in the works of corresponding members of the RAS: I.G. Pospelov, A.A. Shananina and their colleagues, which occupies a leading position in Russia in the field of prognostic modeling of economic systems and is known in the world scientific community for innovative research.