Estimation of non-additive genetic variances in three synthetic lines of beef cattle using an animal model2

Rodríguez-Almeida, Felipe Alonso; Vleck, L.D. Van; Willham, R. L.; Northcutt, S. L.

doi:10.2527/1995.7341002x

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The fairly high heritabilities, arising from large genetic variances due to the multibreed composition of the herd could have been expected, since the population consists of 15 breeds, and this effect was not accounted for by the model. Rodriguez-Almeida et al (1995) reported quite variable estimates in different herd-line combinations. They suggested that the variable estimates might be due to the inclusion of non-additive genetic variances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-weaning growth traits of the Hereford breed in a multibreed composite beef cattle population

Skrypzeck¹,

Schoeman²,

Jordaan³

et al. 2000

SA J. An. Sci.

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Data from a multibreed composite beef cattle population, managed under intensive irrigated grazing conditions, were used to estimate direct additive heritabilities (h 2 a ), maternal heritabilities (h 2 m ) and maternal permanent environmental effects (c 2 ) for birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) of the calf and cow efficiency of the dam (CE: WW/dam weight 0.75 x 100). Calves born between 1968 and 1993 (n = 52628) had varying levels of Hereford genes, ranging from 0% to 100%, with an average of 19.3%. Direct heritabilities, fitting unitrait models, were 0.72, 0.54 and 0.19 for BW, WW and CE, respectively, with corresponding estimates of maternal heritabilities being 0.14, 0.21 and 0.42. Genetic correlations between direct and maternal effects (r am ) were negative for all three traits, varying from -0.40 to -0.65. Maternal permanent environmental effects were 0.06, 0.12 and 0.11 for BW, WW and CE, respectively. Direct breeding values and maternal breeding values for BW and WW decreased with increasing proportion of Hereford. Direct breeding value for CE increased, while maternal breeding value for CE reached a minimum value at 0.62 proportion of Hereford.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-weaning growth traits of the Hereford breed in a multibreed composite beef cattle population

Skrypzeck¹,

Schoeman²,

Jordaan³

et al. 2000

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…The importance of nonadditive genetic variance in evolution by natural and artificial selection is controversial Crow 2010;Hansen 2013). Nevertheless, numerous studies have found and exploited dominance and epistasis in animal breeding, including dairy (Ahlborn-Breier and Hohenboken 1991;Fuerst and Sölkner 1994;Varona et al 1998;Van Tassell et al 2000;Palucci et al 2007) and beef (Rodriguezalmeida et al 1995) cattle. Diallelic studies have indicated significant SCA for maize grain yield (Doerksen et al 2003;Wardyn et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marker-based estimates reveal significant non-additive effects in clonally propagated cassava (Manihot esculenta): implications for the prediction of total genetic value and the selection of varieties

Wolfe

Kulakow

Rabbi

et al. 2015

Preprint

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In clonally propagated crops, nonadditive genetic effects can be effectively exploited by the identification of superior genetic individuals as varieties. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a clonally propagated staple food crop that feeds hundreds of millions. We quantified the amount and nature of nonadditive genetic variation for three key traits in a breeding population of cassava from sub-Saharan Africa using additive and nonadditive genome-wide marker-based relationship matrices. We then assessed the accuracy of genomic prediction for total (additive plus nonadditive) genetic value. We confirmed previous findings based on diallel crosses that nonadditive genetic variation is significant for key cassava traits. Specifically, we found that dominance is particularly important for root yield and epistasis contributes strongly to variation in cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistance. Further, we showed that total genetic value predicted observed phenotypes more accurately than additive only models for root yield but not for dry matter content, which is mostly additive or for CMD resistance, which has high narrow-sense heritability. We address the implication of these results for cassava breeding and put our work in the context of previous results in cassava, and other plant and animal species.

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“…Parameter estimation in domestic breeds has frequently included the maternal additive genetic variance, direct maternal additive genetic covariance and maternal environmental variance (e.g., see Clément et al, 2001) and this model was fitted to the feral population of Soay sheep (Wilson et al, 2005). Additionally, non-additive variances have been estimated for domestic breeds (e.g., Rodriguez-Almeida et al, 1995). The theory for the construction of the relevant matrices for the inclusion of sex-linked effects has been worked out by Grossman and Fernando (1989) and Fernando and Grossman (1990).…”

Section: Dj Fairbairn and Da Roffmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantitative genetics of sexual dimorphism: assessing the importance of sex-linkage

2006

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Sexual dimorphism (SD) is a defining feature of gonochorous animals and dioecious plants, but the evolution of SD from an initially monomorphic genome presents a conundrum. Theory predicts that the evolution of SD will be facilitated if genes with sex-specific fitness effects occur on sex chromosomes. We review this theory and show that it generates three testable predictions. For organisms with an XX/XY chromosomal system of sex determination: (1) SD should be associated with X-linked effects; (2) X-linked effects should show strong directional dominance for sexually dimorphic traits favored in males but expressed in both sexes; and (3) SD should be associated with a reduction in the between-sex additive genetic covariance and correlation. A literature review reveals that empirical evaluations of the association between sex-linkage and SD have lagged behind theory. Tests for the presence of sex-linked effects have been plagued by the need to make simplifying assumptions, such as the absence of dominance or maternal effects, that greatly weaken their discriminatory power. Further, most have used comparisons between species or populations, whereas the correct level of analysis is within populations. To overcome these problems, we derive a novel pedigree design that permits separate estimation of X-linked, dominance and maternal effects. We suggest that the data from such a design would be most appropriately analyzed using the animal model. This novel protocol will allow quantitative evaluation of the above predictions, and hence should spur progress in understanding the role of sex-linkage in the evolution of SD.

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Estimation of non-additive genetic variances in three synthetic lines of beef cattle using an animal model2

Abstract: Dominance

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Pre-weaning growth traits of the Hereford breed in a multibreed composite beef cattle population

Pre-weaning growth traits of the Hereford breed in a multibreed composite beef cattle population

Marker-based estimates reveal significant non-additive effects in clonally propagated cassava (Manihot esculenta): implications for the prediction of total genetic value and the selection of varieties

The quantitative genetics of sexual dimorphism: assessing the importance of sex-linkage

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