Estimation of Nursing Costs by a Patient Classification System(PCS) in ICU

Abstract

recommend that the current reimbursement system for nursing services should be applied not only to the general nursing units but also to the ICU or other special nursing units.

Integrative literature review of patient classification tools for nursing intensity evaluation: Focusing on comparison of South Korean and international tools

“…This indicated a lack of variety in study designs for research on PCTs, with a deficit of experimental or qualitative studies. Korean studies could be classified into two groups: first, those aimed at the development of tools, and containing content validity with experts and subsequently construct validity in clinic settings; second, those that calculated conversion coefficients for nursing costs (Park et al, 2003;Sung et al, 2007) and nursing time (Cho et al, 2000(Cho et al, , 2005Kang et al, 2001;Kim & Jang, 2002;Park et al, 2003;Song et al, 2010;Sung et al, 2007) the RAFAELA and Zebra systems used prototype. Although the approach using factor type can be more objective, it is limited as it cannot represent all of patients' needs for nursing; therefore, it could be rather less accurate.…”

“…This study re‐classified the purpose of the 25 studies from four perspectives: studies on (a) nursing workload and nursing time, (b) nursing cost and nursing charge, (c) calculation of staffing models and (d) other variables affecting PCTs. Of these, eight studies validated PCTs whereas only two studies calculated nursing charge or cost (Park et al., 2003 ; Sung et al., 2007 ). Eight of the 25 selected studies measured nursing workload and time, of which, seven were conducted in Korea and one, abroad.…”

“…In terms of the number of domains that comprise PCTs, most Korean studies used 10 domains or more, whereas international studies were simpler, using around six domains. Regarding validation of PCTs, only a few studies (Cho et al., 2005 ; Kim & Park, 2007 ; Song et al., 2009 ) reported validity test (Fagerström et al., 2000a , 2000b ; Fagerström & Rauhala, 2007 ; Padilha et al, 2008 ) and reliability test (Sung et al., 2007 ). Among international studies, the validity and reliability tests were reported only in the Finnish studies.…”

“…To measure validity, Cho et al (2005) and Park et al (2003) confirmed the correlation between patient classification scores and direct nursing time per patient. Three studies Park et al, 2003;Sung et al, 2007) tested content validity through expert groups, whereas other studies did not conduct validity test (Cho et al, 2005;Kang et al, 2001;Song et al, 2010).…”

Development of a patient classification system for critical care nursing based on nursing intensity

“…Next, a draft was developed including the items needed to assess nursing intensity and patient severity. It was developed by reviewing the nursing domains, nursing activities, items for each nursing activity and scores for each nursing activity used in the relevant literature on development of a critical care classification tool based on nursing needs (Cho et al, 2000(Cho et al, , 2005Ferreira et al, 2017;Kim & Jang, 2002;Lee et al, 2000;Lundgrén-Laine & Suominen, 2007;Padilha et al, 2008;Stafseth et al, 2018;Sung et al, 2007) and measurement of nursing hours (Cho et al, 2000(Cho et al, , 2005Kim & Jang, 2002;Sung et al, 2007). Lastly, the draft was reviewed and modified after consultations with six clinical experts (one researcher and five nurses with master's degrees and at least 3 years of clinical experience) from 27 September to 12 October 2017.…”