Estimation of organic chemical sorption by soils

Gerstl, Z.

doi:10.1016/0169-7722(90)90034-e

Cited by 150 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The CVs of K oc values of a pesticide ranged from 36.6% for tetradifon to 173% for metalaxyl. Gerstl et al 9,43) show that the K oc values of pesticides on soils with low organic matter content (<0.5%) are appreciably high because of the contribution of the mineral fraction to the sorption process. In particular, the K oc value of soil S1 (OC content= 0.06%) for metalaxyl tended to be higher than those of other soils.…”

Section: Relationships Between Soil-water Distribution Coefficients (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the K oc values of a pesticide are highly variable, depending on the soil type. [9][10][11][12][13] Soil OC is considered to comprise polysaccharides, lignin, tannins, amino acids, and lipids as well as modified substances arising from the abiotic and biotic degradation of plant, microbial, and animal remains in soils. [14][15][16] Recent studies [11][12][13] suggest that the variable physicochemical nature of soil OC is one reason for the variability of K oc values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of organic carbon quality on the sorption behavior of pesticides in Japanese soils

Motoki

Iwafune²,

Seike

et al. 2014

J. Pestic. Sci.

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We analyzed the factors influencing pesticide sorption to soils by testing 17 pesticides with different polarity and chemical structures in 8 soils, including major types in Japan. The soil-water distribution coefficients (K d ) were significantly positively correlated with organic carbon (OC) content. However, the OC-normalized sorption coefficients (K oc ) of many pesticides exhibited high variability among soils. Solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was performed to elucidate the effect of OC quality on K oc variability. The NMR results indicated that the aromatic carbon content in soil was positively correlated with the K oc values of pesticides. The sorption pattern of pesticides to soils containing abundant aromatic carbon was influenced by the differences in the molecular structures of pesticides, similar to that to activated carbon and graphite. The results indicate the aromatic carbon in soils, particularly black carbon, is an important factor influencing the sorption of pesticides to soils. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan

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Section: Relationships Between Soil-water Distribution Coefficients (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of organic carbon quality on the sorption behavior of pesticides in Japanese soils

Motoki

Iwafune²,

Seike

et al. 2014

J. Pestic. Sci.

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“…Among different impacts to the marine ecosystem, the release of neurotoxic compounds and the disturbance that may result make need particular attention. Carbamates (CB) and organophosphates (OP) are potent neurotoxic molecules (Ashauer et al, 2006), whose occurrence in the environment is generally linked to the form in which the products are sold, the nature of the soil cultivation practices, and meteorological conditions (Getzin, 1985;Logan et al, 1987;Gerstl, 1990). Moreover, the large majority of these compounds are mainly employed in agriculture like pesticides and insecticides for their neurotoxic effect (Pope, 1999;Pesando et al, 2003), and their physic-chemical proprieties (e.g., volatility, solubility, degradability, persistence) influence their transfer towards aquatic environments (Galgani and Bocquene, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of neurotoxic compounds on ephyrae of Aurelia aurita jellyfish

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study was to analyze the toxicity of two neurotoxic compounds on the ephyra stage of the Scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia aurita, an innovative and sensitive model organism recently proposed in ecotoxicological bioassays. Indeed, jellyfish play an important role in the marine ecosystem, being a key component of the gelatinous zooplankton and of the marine food web, but are not represented in routine ecotoxicology. In this study, ephyrae were exposed to several concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 mg l -1 ) of eserine (ES) and chlorpyrifos (CPF), a carbamate and an organophosphorous compound, respectively, in order to analyze their toxic effect on this model organism. Acute (% of immobility) and behavioral (% alteration of frequency of pulsations) end-points were investigated after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Exposure to both compounds caused a dosedependent effect, and for each end-point, it was possible to quantify these effects by means of EC 50 . Results highlighted how these compounds reported a high toxicity for marine organisms and exerted their toxic effect on this innovative biological model (in particular, CPF resulted to be more toxic than ES), which proved to be more sensitive than other marine invertebrates commonly used for ecotoxicological bioassays.

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“…Thus, we compared sorption of non-polar phenanthrene and pyrene from the pure state to hydrated sorbents. We used the log of sub-cooled liquid solubility (C SL , mol/L): −4.48 for phenanthrene and −5.11 for pyrene (Gerstl, 1990;Schwarzenbach et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2007). The coincidence of the sorption isotherms of phenanthrene and pyrene (constructed using reduced concentrations) for Ca 2+ -and Fe 3+ -montmorillonite coated with wax and HA is clearly seen in Fig.…”

Section: Interactions Of Phenanthrene and Pyrene With Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%