Estimation of phytochemicals, antioxidant, antidiabetic and brine shrimp lethality activities of some medicinal plants growing in Nepal

Abstract

Background: Extreme production of free radicals in the human body causes direct damage to biological molecules that leads to the different types of diseases. The natural or synthetic antioxidants inhibit directly the production or restrict propagation or nullify the free radicals produced in the human body to protect the immune system. Objective: This study aims to quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and toxicity test for the methanol extracts of aerial parts of traditionally used medicinal plants like Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Cupressus sempervirens L. and Lantana camara L. Methods: The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and the total flavonoid content (TFC) by aluminum chloride assay. The α-amylase inhibition activity was performed to evaluate the antidiabetic activities of plant extracts. Results: Lantana camara showed the highest phenol content (10.20 ± 0.343 mg gallic acid equivalent /g extract) and flavonoid content (1.87 ± 0.160 mg quercetin equivalent /g extract) among the three plant samples, respectively. The methanol extracts of Lantana camara showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 106.18 ± 11.390 µg/ml. In addition, Ageratina adenophora methanol extract was found to inhibit α-amylase activity with IC50 value of 1.84 ± 0.007 mg/ml. The methanol extract of Ageratina adenophora was found to be toxic against brine shrimp with median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 833.68 µg/ml. Conclusion: This research shows that the traditionally used medicinal plants are the rich and potent sources of natural antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds which may be the potent natural drug candidates in the future drug discovery process.

Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Antidiabetic, and Antioxidant Activities of Leaves and Seeds Extracts of Eucalyptus robusta Sm. and Ageratina adenophora Spreng

“…It is due to the altitude variation and the environment of the plant growing. Similar results were reported by Kapali et al [20] in the aerial parts of A. adenophora of 0.65±0.12 mg QE/g extract. The antioxidant activity of plant secondary metabolites such as flavonoids including flavones, flavonols, and condensed tannins depends on the presence of the free OH group and has in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity [17,18].…”

“…The α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity was reported by Kapali et al [20] on the aerial parts of the A. Adenophora Spreng. of 1.84±0.07 mg/mL.…”

“…Similarly, the IC 50 values of methanolic extract of E. robusta leaf and A.The antioxidant activity of A. adenophora reported by the previous researcher was found comparable to the results obtained in this study. Kapali et al[20] have reported the antioxidant potential of A. adenoophora Spreng. aerial parts of IC 50 422.20 ±18.58 µg/mL.…”

Physiotherapy and its service in Nepal: implementation and status reported from facility surveys and official registers

“…The present study also revealed inconsistent and varied charging systems in most of the physiotherapy facilities, raising concerns about the quality of services and out of pocket costs. Unpredictability in charges is a serious concern particularly for the 15.1% of Nepalese population reported below the poverty line with a daily purchasing capacity at < $1.90 [57,58]. Gross salary ranges between 15,994 and 60,346 Npr [59], where one income often sustains a large extended family [60].…”

Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H. Rob. Standardized leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation

“…A report has mentioned the traditional use of A. adenophora leaves to treat diabetes in Nigeria ( Awah et al, 2012 ); however, further scientific validation has not been carried out. Another recent work on the in vitro antidiabetic activity of A. adenophora methanolic extract from Nepal reported an α-amylase inhibitory activity, but further assessment in vivo was not implemented ( Kapali and Sharma, 2021 ). Although few preliminary studies have mentioned the antidiabetic effect of A. adenophora extract, further extensive validation with animal models is crucial for the development of new drugs.…”