Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence in Spanish People with the Word Accentuation Test and Its Application to the Diagnosis of Dementia

Ser, Teodoro del; González-Montalvo, Juan Ignacio; Martı́nez-Espinosa, Susana; Delgado-Villapalos, Carlos; Bermejo, F

doi:10.1006/brcg.1997.0877

Cited by 195 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Premorbid intelligence was assessed with the American National Adult Reading Test (Grober and Sliwinski, 1991) at LLU site and the Word Accentuation Test (Del Ser et al, 1997) at BCN site.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study (WAHA): Protocol for a Nutritional Intervention Trial with Walnuts on Brain Aging

Rajaram

Valls-Pedret

Cofán

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Introduction: An unwanted consequence of population aging is the growing number of elderly at risk of neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia and macular degeneration. As nutritional and behavioral changes can delay disease progression, we designed the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) study, a two-center, randomized, 2-year clinical trial conducted in free-living, cognitively healthy elderly men and women. Our interest in exploring the role of walnuts in maintaining cognitive and retinal health is based on extensive evidence supporting their cardio-protective and vascular health effects, which are linked to bioactive components, such as n-3 fatty acids and polyphenols.Methods: The primary aim of WAHA is to examine the effects of ingesting walnuts daily for 2 years on cognitive function and retinal health, assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests and optical coherence tomography, respectively. All participants followed their habitual diet, adding walnuts at 15% of energy (≈30–60 g/day) (walnut group) or abstaining from walnuts (control group). Secondary outcomes include changes in adiposity, blood pressure, and serum and urinary biomarkers in all participants and brain magnetic resonance imaging in a subset.Results: From May 2012 to May 2014, 708 participants (mean age 69 years, 68% women) were randomized. The study ended in May 2016 with a 90% retention rate.Discussion: The results of WAHA might provide high-level evidence of the benefit of regular walnut consumption in delaying the onset of age-related cognitive impairment and retinal pathology. The findings should translate into public health policy and sound recommendations to the general population (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01634841).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study (WAHA): Protocol for a Nutritional Intervention Trial with Walnuts on Brain Aging

Rajaram

Valls-Pedret

Cofán

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…The three patient groups and the healthy controls were selected to be matched with the schizoaffective sample on demographic variables, and on premorbid IQ, as estimated using the Word Accentuation Test (Test de Acentuación de Palabras, TAP) 28, 29. This test is conceptually similar to the UK National Adult Reading Test 30 and the American Wide‐Range Achievement Test 31 and requires pronunciation of Spanish words whose accents have been removed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain structural changes in schizoaffective disorder compared to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Amann

Canales‐Rodríguez

Madre

et al. 2015

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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ObjectiveBrain structural changes in schizoaffective disorder, and how far they resemble those seen in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have only been studied to a limited extent.MethodForty‐five patients meeting DSM‐IV and RDC criteria for schizoaffective disorder, groups of patients with 45 matched schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and 45 matched healthy controls were examined using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).ResultsAnalyses comparing each patient group with the healthy control subjects found that the patients with schizoaffective disorder and the patients with schizophrenia showed widespread and overlapping areas of significant volume reduction, but the patients with bipolar disorder did not. A subsequent analysis compared the combined group of patients with the controls followed by extraction of clusters. In regions where the patients differed significantly from the controls, no significant differences in mean volume between patients with schizoaffective disorder and patients with schizophrenia in any of five regions of volume reduction were found, but mean volumes in the patients with bipolar disorder were significantly smaller in three of five.ConclusionThe findings provide evidence that, in terms of structural gray matter brain abnormality, schizoaffective disorder resembles schizophrenia more than bipolar disorder.

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“…In brief, English- and Spanish-speaking participants were given the same neuropsychological evaluation with the exception that the Wide Range Achievement (WRAT; Wilkinson, 1993) was only administered to English speakers and the Word Accentuation Test (WAT; Del Ser et al, 1997) was only administered to Spanish speakers. The cognitive domains assessed included: memory [immediate and delayed verbal memory (12-word list-learning )], visual/ motor (Grooved Pegboard, Color Trails) executive functioning (Odd-Man-Out, Color Trails 2, verbal and category fluency, digit ordering), and language [15-item Boston Naming, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test/ Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody-Adaptacion Hispanoamericana, WRAT (English)/ WAT (Spanish)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Cognition: The Northern Manhattan Study

Levin

Llabre

Dong

et al. 2014

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of vascular risk factors and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Less is known about the relationship between MetS and cognition. We examined component vascular risk factors of MetS as correlates of different cognitive domains. The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) includes 1290 stroke-free participants from a largely Hispanic multi-ethnic urban community. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to model latent variables of MetS, assessed at baseline and an average of 10 years later, at which time participants also underwent a full cognitive battery. The two four-factor models, of the metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, lipid levels, obesity, and fasting glucose) and of cognition (language, executive function, psychomotor, and memory), were each well supported (CFI = 0.97 and CFI = 0.95, respectively). When the two models were combined, the correlation between metabolic syndrome and cognition was −.31. Among the metabolic syndrome components, only blood pressure uniquely predicted all four cognitive domains. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol, and risk factor treatment variables, blood pressure remained a significant correlate of all domains except memory. In this stroke-free race/ethnically diverse community-based cohort, MetS was associated with cognitive function suggesting that MetS and its components may be important predictors of cognitive outcomes. After adjusting for sociodemographic and vascular risk factors, blood pressure was the strongest correlate of cognitive performance. Findings suggest MetS, and in particular blood pressure, may represent markers of vascular or neurodegenerative damage in aging populations.

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Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence in Spanish People with the Word Accentuation Test and Its Application to the Diagnosis of Dementia

Cited by 195 publications

References 39 publications

The Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study (WAHA): Protocol for a Nutritional Intervention Trial with Walnuts on Brain Aging

The Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study (WAHA): Protocol for a Nutritional Intervention Trial with Walnuts on Brain Aging

Brain structural changes in schizoaffective disorder compared to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Modeling Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Cognition: The Northern Manhattan Study

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