Estimation of Propagation Characteristics along Random Rough Surface for Sensor Networks

Path Loss Estimation for Analytically Expressed Inhomogeneous Random Rough Surface

“…This algorithm enables us to simplify the ray searching procedure greatly resulting in saving much computation time. It is worth noting that searched rays are approximate, but they can easily be modified to more accurate rays [1]. Once a ray is traced from source to receiver, we can evaluate electric field by using refection coefficients at its reflection points as well as diffraction coefficients at its diffraction points.…”

“…The essence of the algorithm for searching rays by the proposed discrete ray tracing method (DRTM) is summarized in the following [1]. We assume that arbitrary two lines of the discretized RRS are in line of sight (LOS), if a representative point of one straight line is in LOS with that of another line.…”

“…The most interesting feature of the parameters is that we can evaluate EM field distributions by a simple equation based on the 1-ray model [9], [10] by choosing α and β appropriately, since γ is given as a known constant especially in the far zone. Thus we can numerically evaluate the communication distance along RRS when the power of a transmitting antenna and the detectable minimum power of a receiving antenna are provided [1], [8].…”

“…These parameters have successfully been applied to the estimation of EM wave propagation along RRSs [1], [6], [8] and also in the urban areas [3]. The most interesting feature of the parameters is that we can evaluate EM field distributions by a simple equation based on the 1-ray model [9], [10] by choosing α and β appropriately, since γ is given as a known constant especially in the far zone.…”

“…For examples, sensor nodes are usually distributed on such random rough surfaces (RRSs) as desert, hilly mountain, sea surface and so on, and a lot of cellular BSs are built in the urban or suburban areas of large cities. Thus it is an important task for wireless communication engineers to estimate electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation characteristics for the purpose of constructing reliable and low-cost wireless networks in these complicated propagation environments [1].…”