Estimation of rain rate by microwave radiometry and active radar during CLEOPATRA 92

Smirnov, M.V.; Evtushenko, A. V.; Kutuza, B. G.; Petrenko, B.; Meischner, P.; Hagen, Martin

doi:10.1109/igarss.1993.322108

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Comparison of the measured brightness temperatures for different times and the calculated values for measured rain rates R of about 10 mm/h as presented in Figure 5 shows very good agreement. Results for higher rain rates are discussed by Smirnov et al [1994].…”

Section: Drop Sizes Are Commonly Described By the Marshall And Palmermentioning

confidence: 96%

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Model‐estimated microwave emissions from rain systems for remote sensing applications

Smirnov¹,

Meischner²

1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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A simple model for estimating the upward and downward microwave emission from rain layer types above ground is presented. The emission properties of the rain layers are estimated from physical quantities such as the optical depth, the singlescattering albedo, the physical temperature, and a given drop size distribution for Mie scattering calculations. The underlying surface is characterized by the emissivity and the physical temperature. The transparency coefficient q and the reflection coefficient r of the rain layer are expressed by these physical quantities. The brightness temperature then is given by the physical temperature T, q, and r. The radiation transfer is estimated by the method of layer addition, described by Sobolev [1956], which avoids the necessity of solving the equation of radiation transfer. The accuracy of this simple model was estimated by comparisons with three-dimensional Monte Carlo calculations. The error is estimated to be less than 3 K for common situations and less than 8 K for unrealistic high optical depths. It is shown that any one of the quantities rain rate, rain layer depth, and physical temperature can be estimated with sufficient accuracy if the others are known. The basic model has been extended for application to inhomogeneous cloud layers and to include differences in brightness temperatures for horizontal and vertical polarizations for oblate raindrops. The main intended application of this model is rain rate estimation from space with low data processing efforts, especially for the Priroda mission. The model was tested for the downwelling emission during the field experiment CLEOPATRA by measurements with a polarimetric weather radar and rain gauges. The results verify the principles, and promising agreement was found at least for stratiform rain. The polarimetric extension of the model too showed promising results under quite different measurement conditions in Russia and southern Germany. Different methods are under discussion for satisfying the broad spectrum of requirements. Visible and infrared satellite images from space help to identify areas of rain, although they hardly provide quantitative estimates of the rain rate R [Griffith et al., 1978, 1981; Griffith and Wood&y, 1981; Lovejoy and Austin, 1979; Negri et al., 1984; Ulbrich and Atlas, 1985]. First attempts to measure rain from space by microwave radiomerry were made with the electrically scanning microwave radiometer (ESMR) on the Nimbus 5 and 6 satellites with a center frequency of 19.35 GHz [Allison et al., 1974]. A model for estimation of rainfall from 37 GHz radiometer brightness temperatures (Nimbus 6) was developed by Weinman and Guetter [1977]. It is based on an assumed planeparallel cloud of liquid drops only with a homogeneous Marshall and Palmer [1948] drop size distribution. The radiation transfer is calculated for two perpendicular polarizations for rain rates up to 32 mm/h. It is shown that polarization contributes to distinguishing between precipitation and bodies of water and to the determinatio...

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Section: Drop Sizes Are Commonly Described By the Marshall And Palmermentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For 2.25 cm wavelength the intensity and polarization of the emission were also measured. Results of these investigations are described by Smirnov et al [1994]. This experiment measured mainly the spectral dependence of the rain brightness temperature.…”

Section: Drop Sizes Are Commonly Described By the Marshall And Palmermentioning

confidence: 99%

Model‐estimated microwave emissions from rain systems for remote sensing applications

Smirnov¹,

Meischner²

1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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show abstract

Investigation of microwave scattering and emission of sea surface perturbations by rain conducted with space "ALMAZ-1" SAR and shipborne radiometers

Bulatov

Bolotnikova

Étkin

et al.

1995 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '95. Quantitative Remote Sensing for Science and Application

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Estimation of rain rate by microwave radiometry and active radar during CLEOPATRA 92

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Model‐estimated microwave emissions from rain systems for remote sensing applications

Model‐estimated microwave emissions from rain systems for remote sensing applications

Investigation of microwave scattering and emission of sea surface perturbations by rain conducted with space "ALMAZ-1" SAR and shipborne radiometers

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