Estimation of Salivary and Serum Total Sialic Acid Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease

Abstract

Background: Chronic gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory diseases. An important function of host sialic acid is to regulate innate immunity. The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of Total sialic acid (TSA) in saliva and serum and also to find out their association if any, in periodontal health and disease. Materials and Methods:A total of 90 subjects were clinically examined and distributed into three groups (n=30) according to the periodontal status namely healthy, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.Clinical measurements including probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, oral hygeine index were recorded .TSA concentration was determined in saliva and serum of all subjects. Results:In healthy group the mean salivary TSA level was 39.05mg/dl ±6.35(p<0.0001), mean serum TSA level was 49.75 mg/dl ± 4.87 (p<0.0001). In the chronic gingivitis group the mean salivary TSA level was 68.23 mg/dl ± 2.71 (p<0.0001), mean serum TSA level was 65.65 mg/dl ±3.56 (p<0.0001). In the chronic periodontitis group the mean salivary TSA was 81.33 mg/dl ±3.94 (p<0.0001), mean serum TSA level was 75.98 mg/ dl ±3.58 (p<0.0001).

Determination of sialic acid levels by using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy in periodontitis and gingivitis

“…Jawazali et al found similar increases in SA expression in periodontitis-affected patients, essentially for lipid-bound SA (Jawzali, 2016;Jawzali et al, 2013). Rathod et al reported how SA concentration increases in an injury process produced in the course of periodontal disease (Rathod et al, 2014); this result was also corroborated by Abd Al Sada, who found elevated levels of lipid-bound SA as well as total SA in periodontitis-affected subjects (Alsada, 2010). Previously, Shinohara et al established that elevated levels of SA in saliva, compared with normal levels measured in healthy subjects, are correlated with the severity of periodontal disease in adult rats (Shinohara et al, 1994).…”

“…The present study was guided by the expectation that SA levels may increase during either periodontitis or gingivitis diseases because it is known in the literature that sialic acid concentrations function as an indicator for a reactive increase in glycoproteins and mucoproteins, as it does in inflammatory processes (Mc-Neil, Berrett, Su, Trentelman, & Helmick, 1965;Stefenelli, Klotz, Engel, & Bauer, 1985), and specifically in periodontitis by the work of Rathod et. al., (Rathod et al, 2014), who performed a study on the estimation of salivary and serum total sialic acid levels in periodontal health and disease.…”

“…Several clinical studies have indicated that SA is present in several proteins correlated with periodontitis (Ide et al, 2003) and that it is overexpressed in the course of this oral disease (Davis & Gibbons, 1990;Jawzali, 2016;Jawzali, Hasan, & Ahmed, 2013;Rathod, Khan, Kolte, & Gupta, 2014). Periodontal diseases need a biomarker for accurate diagnosis, feasible early detection of disease evolution, and evaluation of the applied therapy's efficacy to treat this condition (Colburn & Keefe, 2003).…”

“…Periodontitis affects the supporting structures of the teeth, and it may result in loss of gingival tissue, underlying alveolar bone, and tooth (Sculley & Langley-Evans, 2003). It has been suggested that the enzyme neuraminidase that is responsible for cleaving the SA may propitiate plaque formation and periodontitis (Ide et al, 2003;Jawzali, 2016;Jawzali et al, 2013;Rathod et al, 2014).…”

Plasma Content Variation and Correlation of Plasmalogen and GIS, TC, and TPL in Gastric Carcinoma Patients: A Comparative Study

“…Chemically, gangliosides are glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid (SA) and are particularly abundant in the membrane microdomain; they are considered as highly organized units with a variety of specific functions [ 3 , 4 ]. Gangliosides are involved in many significant cellular processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and oncogenic transformation [ 5 , 6 ].…”