Estimation of salivary nitric oxide and uric acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls

Salian, Varsha; Demeri, Farah; N, Suchetha Kumari

doi:10.4103/2278-0513.158456

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The depletion of these antioxidants complements the steep increase in ROS and RNS and thus explains the rationale of the initiation/progression of carcinogenesis. Similar results have been documented in the patients with oral cancers [25] and even in smokers in comparison to nonsmokers. [26] Unlike UA, glutathione (GSH) is one of the major antioxidants present in intracellular compartment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…They act in different ways to alter the redox metabolism, either by increasing the production of RNS or by scavenging the antioxidants. [25] As saliva maintains intimate contact with the site of lesion, probably nitrative stress plays a leading role in comparison to OS. On the basis of the results of this study, where we have found a strong positive correlation ( P < 0.001) between the oxidative and nitrative stress markers, namely TBARS and nitrates [Table 5], it seems that they act synergistically in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative evaluation of saliva’s oxidant–antioxidant status in patients with different clinicopathological types of oral leukoplakia

Srivastava

2019

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Objectives: Despite advancements in the management of oral cancer, the mortality rate associated with it still remains a matter of concern. Early identification and intervention of precursor lesions such as leukoplakia have always been emphasized, as this can drastically improve the scenario. The oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including oral cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary oxidant and antioxidant levels in patients with different clinicopathological stages of oral leukoplakia. Materials and Methods: An analytical study with case–control study design was conducted. Forty newly diagnosed cases of oral leukoplakia were considered in the case group. The equal number of age- and gender-matched subjects was included in the control study group. Unstimulated whole-saliva supernatant was used to determine the levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione S-transferase, nitrites, and uric acid using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. The statistical comparisons were performed by independent Student’s unpaired t test and one-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. Correlation analysis was performed among salivary parameters and with baseline variables. Results: End products of free radical damage and nitrite levels were significantly increased in patients with oral leukoplakia compared to controls. Conversely, levels of glutathione S-transferase and uric acid were significantly decreased in the study group in comparison with healthy subjects. Similar trends were seen along the clinical stages and histopathological grades of leukoplakia. Conclusion: Elevated levels of reactive species with a concomitant reduction in antioxidants in leukoplakia indicate its potential as an early diagnostic marker.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of saliva’s oxidant–antioxidant status in patients with different clinicopathological types of oral leukoplakia

Srivastava

2019

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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“…UA is one of the most important biological antioxidants in humans representing more than 70% of the total antioxidant capacity in saliva as well as in plasma with albumin and ascorbate contributing only a smaller part [29,30]. UA is formed from xanthine and hypoxanthine by reaction catalyzed with xanthine oxidoreductase [31]. Diurnal variations in the elimination of UA result in changed patterns in salivary UA excretion with elevated UA salivary concentrations observed during sleep [31].…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Salivary Ua Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive determination of uric acid in human saliva in the diagnosis of serious disorders

Vernerová

Krčmová

Melichar

et al. 2020

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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This review summarizes and critically evaluates the published approaches and recent trends in sample pre-treatment, as well as both separation and non-separation techniques used for the determination of uric acid (UA) in saliva. UA is the final product of purine nucleotide catabolism in humans. UA concentrations in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine represent an important biomarker of diseases including gout, hyperuricemia, or disorders associated with oxidative stress. Previous studies reported correlation between UA concentrations detected in saliva and in the blood. The interest in UA has been increasing during the past 20 years from a single publication in 2000 to 34 papers in 2019 according to MEDLINE search using term “uric acid in saliva”. The evaluation of salivary UA levels can contribute to non-invasive diagnosis of many serious diseases. Increased salivary UA concentration is associated with cancer, HIV, gout, and hypertension. In contrast, low UA levels are associated with Alzheimer disease, progression of multiple sclerosis, and mild cognitive impairment.

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“…Also, Almadori et al [ 26 ] reported that the salivary concentration of uric acid in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was not significantly different from that in the healthy control group. This may confirm the parallel relationship between the salivary and serum levels of biomarkers, because, in many studies, saliva has been used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of systemic and oral conditions [ 4 , 23 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Lawal et al [ 23 ] reported that serum uric acid concentration in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. Some others also reported lower salivary uric acid levels in patients with oral cancer [ 15 , 24 , 28 – 30 ]. In another study in Austria, Strasak et al [ 29 ] found that higher serum level of uric acid was associated with a higher risk of mortality, although they did not observe a correlation between the serum uric acid level and cancer incidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Serum Uric Acid as a Protective Biomarker in Patients with Different Histopathological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Case-Control Study

Manifar

Rahimzamani

Shirkhoda

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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The antioxidant properties of uric acid may have a protective effect against the formation of oxygen radicals and subsequently against carcinogenicity. The present study aimed at evaluating the serum level of uric acid in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with different histopathological grades. In this descriptive-analytical, case-control study, patients with OSCC and healthy controls were selected and matched regarding age and gender. The serum samples were collected from patients (before radiotherapy and chemotherapy) and controls, and their serum uric acid levels were measured enzymatically. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The mean serum uric acid level in OSCC patients (4.2±1.5 mg/dL) and healthy controls (4.38±1.22 mg/dL) was not significantly different (P=0.377). No significant association was noted between the histopathological grade of OSCC and mean serum uric acid (P=0.781). The serum uric acid level had a direct significant correlation with age in OSCC patients (P<0.001). The results of this study did not support the role of uric acid as a protective biomarker in OSCC. Further prospective studies are recommended to better elucidate the role of uric acid in the etiology of OSCC.

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Estimation of salivary nitric oxide and uric acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative evaluation of saliva’s oxidant–antioxidant status in patients with different clinicopathological types of oral leukoplakia

Comparative evaluation of saliva’s oxidant–antioxidant status in patients with different clinicopathological types of oral leukoplakia

Non-invasive determination of uric acid in human saliva in the diagnosis of serious disorders

Role of Serum Uric Acid as a Protective Biomarker in Patients with Different Histopathological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Case-Control Study

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